Assignment on Principles of Management

There are many factors that constitute on how to achieve excellence in management especially in the case of Starbucks under Howard Shultz. Indeed, management is getting things done, through efficient means that would maximize profit while keeping costs down. In order to be competitive and for an organization to be successful in the field of management and to be productive, there are lots of things to be considered.Such aspects are the performance of the leaders or managers of the firm and the performance of the firm as whole, safety measures regarding the management, risks that will come along that the organization are going to face and ways to overcome them, and the influence of consultation (Pollock, 2001). In line with these factors that management of organization must consider are the needs of the organization. These needs can be achieved through the knowledge of the management and technological approaches the management would choose (Barclay, 1997).Dealing with those needs is im portant and constitute to the excellence in management. There are lots of experiments on how to achieve excellence in management was done by Shultz in achieving the status Starbucks have today. Some findings are the need to change strategies, designs that can be used to evaluate the organizations’ success, measures as standard basis, methods and ways to adapt to a complex environment; whether to stay with their current strategies in a constant environment or to change due to the changing environment, and many more (Resources, 2006). A.Ways to Achieving Management Excellence 1. Excellence through Performance Management One design that will constitute on the excellence in management of an organization is through the giving incentives to the individual. This will be dependent on their performance in their field of work. This is called the pay-for-performance system (William K. Redmon, 2005). For the simple reason, the aim for additional income, the individuals’ developmen t can be achieve by doing this. By doing this, the gap in the individuals’ goal and the organizational goal can be lessen or even better, will be gone.In addition, the costs of goods and services are also in its minimal due to the incentive pays that motivates employees. This motivation factors makes employees to become more productive. In fact, some of the companies are now changing their way on how to pay their employees, from normal salary basis and or hourly basis wage systems, to payment based on the employee’s performance (pay-for-performance system). As of this time, organizations are having difficulty recruiting workers. This may be due to the minimum wage salaries that they offer.Because of this reason, the firms and other organizations are thinking of ways on how to attract new workers and to retain the old ones. Other companies have the way of increasing the employee’s salaries, thus making an addition to their expenses and labor costs. In addition to this, performance of these newly hired workers cannot be said to have reached the organization’s needs. Then the need for performance improvement are then on the play. Here comes the study on how to management motivates employees that will become a great use in achieving organizational goal.Organizations have used incentives using incentives such as additional pay depending on the performance of individual employees (Studies, 2004). What others have done is to give those who are in the hard work for the organization’s goal some incentives in the form of not a monetary value but for the recognition of their behaviors. Such examples of non-monetary value incentives are promotions. Most organizations do such things like this for motivating their employees to be more productive. Together with the individual’s aim for promotion, is the organization having greater profit and lessens the costs of services.Other non-monetary value incentives are recognition of the empl oyees, for example, employee of the month award, best employee of the year, and many more. Such behavioral way of motivations is of great help in achieving excellence in management of an organization. Implementation of a goal through goal-setting program can be used by management to evaluate employee’s performances. Feedback program can be added and to this method. Feedback may be of good or bad based on the goal settled by the organization. For employees perception of this settled goal may have different effects depending on the individual.Some responds to the better productivity, while others have done absenteeism. An increase in productivity means the goal settled by the management served as a challenge and thus motivates the employee for better work. On the other hand, this served as constraints for other workers. Feedbacks however are used to chase away criticism but are used for employee’s performance evaluation. That’s for the reason that criticisms are a gents of exploitation that management didn’t want to interfere with the management.What feedback supposed to do is to give an evaluation, whether it may be bad or good, that will serve as a constructive criticism to employees. If the feedback was bad, that doesn’t mean that the employee was bad at all, but to show the deficiency the employee have and to overcome for the employee to overcome this. If the feedback was good, that means that the employees work was recognized and then the tendency of being a more hard working employee will come up to the mind of the employee. This is how behavioral management in an organization plays.II. Management Practices: A. Comparison Let’s take a look at some organizations/companies that won some awards regarding the excellence in management. For the supply chain excellence, the Starbuck’s Coffee chain having the strategy model of high-speed build-to-order delivery services has been recognized. The Starbuck’s Coff ee won one of the dealings on the supply chain excellence; speed. To measure the excellence in management of the Starbuck’s Coffee, a checklist was made with all the criteria of being excellent in management as the standard basis.

I Will Great This Day with Love in My Heart Essay

Who is love by the author? The author love everybody because even if we have indifferences he knows that every quality we posses should be accepted and be love for what they have. What does the author love about this people? The author loves this people for who they are. Regardless of our indifferences he loves everyone because he knows that every individual has a life that we cannot judge base on their appearance. He loves the rich because they are lonely. That means that we cannot say that a man is happy just because he has money. Aside from love, what does the writer feel for this people? Aside from love the author feels their inner emotions that they people tries to hide. So he is so compassionate about their feelings. How were you able to get the message of the poem? I was able to get the message by understanding each phrase and what it truly means. The message is that to love everybody because they have a purpose. Like loving the ambitious for they can inspire you. What helped you determine what the author wanted to convey? The details in the poem like: I will greet this day with love in my heart. Because he will greet the day with love, he loves everybody even if there is indifferences.

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies Essay

How the Alchemist relates to African American Studies - Essay Example In fact, the same sense of dare is conveyed by several other characters of the story as well, like the camel driver said while talking to Santiago, â€Å"We are afraid of losing what we have, whether it’s our life or our possessions or our property. But this fear evaporates when we understand that our life stories and the history of the world were written by the same hand† (Coelho 76). African American literature narrates several accounts of the African tribes’ wars most of them originated because one tribe wanted to attack the other and confiscate their possessions in order to become richer than the other. One can sense the same level of dare in Santiago’s resolution to keep going on and encounter further challenges with whatever he attains rather than reverting to where he came from. His ability to struggle and find work elsewhere and earn his living also tells that he is hard working like African

Comparison between financial engineering and Islamic financial Essay

Comparison between financial engineering and Islamic financial engineering and is financial engineering support the banks and financial company in the credit crunch - Essay Example El-Gamal has pointed out that Islamic financial jurisprudence has aimed at enhancing human welfare but transaction costs have been substantially reduced rendering contract-based jurisprudence incoherent (2007, p. 1). El-Gamal (2007) provides a basis for Islamic financial engineering aiming for an Islamic law compliant as well as legal risk compliant financial instruments. An authority on the Islamic financial system is the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) based in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The Islamic Financial Services Board is an international standard-setting organization that seeks to promote stability of the Islamic financial services industry by issuing standards and guiding principles (IFSB 2009, p. 1). The member central banks/countries of the IFSB include Saudi Arabia, Malaysia, Bahrain, Iran, the Islamic Development Bank, Pakistan, Qatar, Singapore, Sudan, and the United Arab Emirates. A key dimension of Islamic financial services pertains to Shari-ah governance. Unfortunately, according to IFSB documents (2009, p. 1), Shari-ah governance, despite being an often used word within the Islamic financial service institutions (IFSI), has never been â€Å"properly† defined. Nevertheless, Shari-ah governance is deemed to have been realized when a Shari-ah board believes so (IFSB 2009, p.1). El-Gamal (2003, p. 4), however, associates the Shari-ah with the Islamic Law. Following El-Gamal, Shari-ah compliance is therefore compliance with Islamic Law as judgment of competent authorities of the Shari-ah or the Islamic Laws. Gait and Worthington (2007, p. 27) clarified, however, that the main sources of the Shari-ah law are the Qu’ran, Hadith, Sunna, Ijma, Qiyas and Ijtihad. According to the latest available IFSB (2009) document on the Shari-ah, the Shari-ah board is usually composed of scholars on the Shari-ah (alternatively known as the Shari-ah Committee or the Shari-ah Supervisory Board) but the practice over the years is

Social Work Value and Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social Work Value and Ethics - Essay Example It would also not be fair to say that the managers are interested in money as managing something lesser or bigger need to be as per the budget and no manager can over shoot the budget despite the fact that the required service has been made by the needy (Backett, & Manyard, 2005). So, in order to continue with the balancing act which means giving priority to service user needs and interests but at the same time giving equal importance to the existence and role of others involved, a social worker should concentrate more on providing able assistance to those who need services. They shouldn't make promises of something which is beyond their purview. The worker should try to understand the need of Arthur and then convey it to the authorities who could be instrumental in getting a solution as soon as possible. Also, the worker should keep Arthur updated with the various steps of procedures of a requisition and the possible time frame for getting the same. A straight forward promise and not keeping the same and at the same time blaming others would diminish the hope generated into minds of the sufferer. The whole purpose of community service gets lost if the social worker couldn't maintain the hope ignited. Case: As a social worker, I am against abortion and some client wishes to discuss having an abortion. In a case, a pregnant 16-year-old girl, abruptly left home and made arrangements for an abortion. The Court sympathized with both the parents and their daughter in this painful dispute. Nonetheless, the legal issue was clear ' could this 16-year-old girl give a valid consent to a therapeutic abortion' She was competent to give a valid consent and her parents' wishes were not relevant. The Court stated that the parental right to make treatment decisions for a child terminates if and when the child achieves a sufficient understanding and intelligence to fully comprehend the proposed treatment (Backett, & Manyard, 2005). Many people all across world wouldn't accept some necessary evils like abortion or euthanasia. A social worker could have similar opinion built up by a socialization process that begins with the messages conveyed by parents and later in schools and peer groups. Its not something absolute but a result of the convolution that finally shapes ourselves. It also gets influenced by culture; conservative or modern and the mass media. But the actual strength of character gets displayed when we realize the fact that despite all some socially achieved values doesn't necessarily close any scope for conflicts. Its not something unusual if we find ourselves not in agreement with other people and their needs. For a social worker, there is a must to understand that the very nature of social work is that of rediscovering itself at difficult places and not just once but at many places, there would be significant level of clash between societal and personal value and need of the profession and code o f ethics. It may require a lot of

Analysis of a Job Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Analysis of a Job - Research Paper Example Should have the ability to build trust, communicate effectively, drive execution, foster the culture of innovation, focus on timely delivery of products to customers, collaborative in nature, creatively solving problems and demonstrate high integrity. It necessary for the on boarded Marketing Manager to undergo certain company specific on boarding activities and training in order to know more about the company. There would be a 4 week on boarding program for the Marketing Manager where the candidate would be undergoing training from the supervisor, peers and if possible from the subordinates in the job function. First one week of the on boarding training would include the company culture and nature of the business of the company. The second week would comprise of the getting to know about the team and the team members with whom the Marketing Manager would work. The third week will be focused on learning the business strategies and the methods by which the company generally operates the business along with the current customers and clientele. Finally fourth week would be the on the job training where the Marketing Manager is expected to as per the learning of past three weeks. This is a compulsory training that the new Marketing m anager needs to undergo in order to start the work in the company. The Annual compensation package for the position is $85,528 with $5578 as the annual performance bonus. The Marketing Manager position is entitled to receive many other benefits, which include Social Security, 401K/403B value benefits, disability benefits, healthcare benefits, pension and paid time off. In total the annual compensation package for the Marketing Manager will be approximately $125,000. The main base of reaching a compensation and benefit package mentioned above is the market research. The position is expecting to have candidates with 4 to 6 years of experience in the sales and marketing

Concert report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Concert report - Essay Example These movements are correspondingly arranged in four sonnets. Again, each of the sonnets is further divided into three distinct sections. Each of these sections corresponds to each of the three movements in the concerto. Thus, Vivaldi’s instrumental music tends to sound extra musical. The second piece to be discussed is how Vivaldi provides varied instructions throughout the four concertos. In the second movement of the spring, Vivaldi provides the instruction of The barking dog. In the first movement of The summer, he provides the instruction of Languor caused the heat, and in the second movement of the movement of The autumn, Vivaldi provides instruction of the drunkards have fallen asleep. The texture of each of his concerto also varies. However, each seems to resemble the respective concerto. The third piece to be discussed is Nielsen’s Symphony No.2, Opus 16, The Temperaments. Through this, Nielsen provides and exclusive thrilling musical experience which is described as a depiction of the essential component of human personality. He provided an excellent conducting whether he emphasized on accuracy of dynamics, articulation, balance as well as phrasing. In conclusion, Vivaldi’s Four Seasons Concert was provided an overall thrilling musical experience. The combination of Violinist Nicola’s and Thierry Fischer made the concert incredible. Through the concert, I discovered how varied movements and instructions can make a musical concert very appealing to the

Oil Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oil Companies - Essay Example According to the report, titled, Hot Profits and Global Warming: How Oil Companies Hurt Consumers and the Environment, the soaring prices are not dampening demand because most families have little leeway to alter their driving habits. Federal government statistics show this summer's gasoline demand up between 1.6 and 1.9 percent from 2005. The increased prices of gasoline have translated into record oil company profits. In the first six months of 2006, the five largest US oil companies posted $59.4 billion in profits. These companies have spent $112 billion since 2005 to buy back their own stock and pay dividends rather than invest in infrastructure or alternative energy sources, according to analysis done by Public Citizen. (Raymond J. Learsy. The Blog Eat The Press Becoming Fearless. The Huffington Post). In this regard, the American government summoned British Petroleum before the House Committee on Energy and Commerce for clarification. It is alleged that the company allowed its Alaska pipelines to deteriorate despite such large profit margins, causing a partial shutdown of oil production in the US's largest oilfield and temporarily driving up global oil prices. Surprisingly it was reported that the officials of British Petroleum responded that the profits and saving secured were adjusted with the losses the company suffered due to the fluctuation of oil prices. The company was able to convince the panel easily, however the later reports indicated that the company in actual manipulated the accounts, and invested the money for the purchases of physical equipments which were off the record. British Petroleum has claimed itself to be renewable energy leader; it invested only $800 million a year in solar, wind, natural gas and hydrogen energy, less than 2 percent of the total amount the company posted in profits, stock buybacks, dividend payments and cash reserves in 2005. "Under the current market framework, oil companies aren't making investments in ways to break our addiction to oil and apparently have no intention of doing so," said Tyson Slocum, director of Public Citizen's energy program and the report's author. "With $1 trillion in assets tied up in extracting, refining and marketing oil, their business model will squeeze the last cent of profit out of that spent capital for as long as possible." (Johnston, 2005) IMPORTANCE OF RESERVES (Why reserves value are so important) It is understandable that fraction of the profits stem from the international rise in the prices of petroleum, the report has mentioned that, large oil company mergers have squelched competition and has created negative impact on US consumers. Recent mergers between giant oil companies such as Exxon and Mobil, Chevron and Texaco, and Conoco and Phillips have resulted in just a few companies controlling a significant amount of gasoline in the US. Since 2005, the largest five control 55 percent of the refining market, and the largest 10 dominate 81.4 percent. The purpose of these exercises was to increase the amount of reserves produced and refined by the merged company. These exercises are further responsible for giving a strong image to the company, on the basis of their production activity. It is to be mentioned that the company's total

Pervasive Computiong Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pervasive Computiong - Research Paper Example This essay declares that the basic theory says that microprocessors can be embedded in everyday objects with the intention that they could be able to communicate information. Basically, these objects communicate with each other to carry out operations in support of the user. In fact, one of the basic goals of pervasive computing is to fade away from human observation; however the applications embedded in electronic devices must be down to business. In other words, they must be able to guess the requirements of the users in an attempt to provide them with anytime, anywhere desired information. In addition, both the terms pervasive and ubiquitous stand for "existing everywhere." This paper stresses that the target of scholars and researchers researching on pervasive computing is to build stylish products that can be used to communicate inconspicuously. Furthermore, these products are connected to the Internet and the data they produce is without problems accessible. There are many advantages of such technology based systems. This research will assess such advantages and will also outline some of the major issues in pervasive computing. This paper will also discuss some of the possible application areas of pervasive computing along with some ethical issues of pervasive computing. The pervasive computing can be implemented in a wide variety of departments, yet some of them still have not been identified. Some of the major applications of pervasive computing can be for healthcare, healthcare, environmental, transport monitoring and a lot of others. I have outlined below some of the main areas for the application of pervasive computing: (Tang; POST) Healthcare: Pervasive computing present’s opportunities for the future healthcare management all through the world, for managing and treating diseases, as well as for patient management. For example, new technology based remote sensors and monitoring technology can allow the healthcare professionals to continuously capture and analyze patients’ physiological data. In this scenario hospital and medical staff could be instantly alerted to some noticed irregularities (Tang; POST). Domiciliary care: Pervasive computing based sensors can be embedded all through the home to examine the association and fluctuations inside the ambient situation (for instance variation in temperature) to aware care-workers to some abnormality. In this scenario, the voice messages or visual displays could as well have the power to replace people to acquire medications, as video telephones could offer personal contact with family, friends and careers (Tang; POST). Intelligent transport systems: Pervasive com put

The roles of entrepreneurs in the society Essay Example for Free

The roles of entrepreneurs in the society Essay Introduction Entrepreneurship is the capacity and willingness to develop, organize and manage a business venture along with any of its risks in order to make a profit. However, some school of thought would define an entrepreneur as one who manages the factors of production in order to first satisfy or meet human needs and not primarily for the desire to make profit. The most obvious example of entrepreneurship is the starting of new businesses. Entrepreneurs occupy a central position in a market economy serving as the spark plug in the economys engine, activating and stimulating all economic activities. A society is prosperous only to the degree to which it rewards and encourages entrepreneurial activity because it is the entrepreneurs and their activities that are the critical determinant of the level of success, prosperity, growth and opportunity in any economy. The most dynamic societies in the world are the ones with the most entrepreneurs, plus the economic and legal structure to encourage and motivate entrepreneurs to greater activities. Some of the roles of entrepreneurs in the society include: 1. Provide solution to societal challenges: Every society has a challenge or a gap. The entrepreneurs identify these challenges and strive to satisfy the needs in the society. For example, the automobile companies found a solution to the challenge of mobility. 2. Creation of goods and services: Entrepreneurs are innovators who work tirelessly to produce goods and services to satisfy their customers or consumers. 3. Job creation: By their activities, entrepreneurs succeed in creating jobs and helping to reduce the rate of unemployment in the society. This eventually contributes to reducing the incidence of vices such as criminal activities in the community leading to improvement in the safety and security of people in the society. It eventually reduces poverty in families who are engaged by these entrepreneurs. 4. Contribute to community development activities: Entrepreneurs perform their social responsibilities to the community by contributing to community development activities. 5. Foster economic growth and development: They increase production of goods and services with possible increase in demand and eventual increase in the Gross and Net Domestic Product of the country. 6. Create wealth: By creating jobs, entrepreneurs create wealth. 7. They are philanthropists: Most entrepreneurs also engage in Philanthropic activities in the society. An example is Alfred Nobel who funds the Nobel Prize. 8. They are agents of change: Entrepreneurs are the regenerators of the society. They act as agents of change. An example is Mark Zuckerberg who started the face-book and linked the world. 9. They create chains of ideas and opportunities by taking one bold step: By taking one bold step, more ideas are generated by people. Hence, entrepreneurs give birth to more entrepreneurs with greater positive impacts on the society. 10. Improve the standard of living of the people and their quality of life: By creating jobs and more job opportunities, entrepreneurs improve the standard of living and quality of life of the people in the society. This will also help to increase life span and reduce the morbidity and mortality rates in the society. 11. Reduction in cost of production of prices of products and services: By producing goods or services needed by other companies or organizations, entrepreneurs help to reduce the cost of producing these goods by these companies and thereby lead to fall in prices of goods and commodities which will help to increase demand and meet consumers’ needs. References

Evolutionary Changes to Horses

Evolutionary Changes to Horses Enough horse fossils have been found so that archaeologists are able to trace the evolution of horses. The earliest fossil of a horse found was a dog sized Eohippus (Tyagi, 2009). This four toed Eohippus lived around 55 million years ago (Hall, 2010). The Equus mostly stayed the same with the exception of slight toe and teeth changes. During the Oligocene era about 34-34 million years ago the horse grew in size and 4 toes evolved into 3. Also in this time the horse had vanished from Europe, Africa and Asia and for the following million years the only place which was habitable for the horse was in the western part of North America (Rice, 2007). The Miocene era saw lush vegetation disappear and the land became a grassy plain. The horse was forced to adapt and evolve in order to survive in this new environment, for example its teeth needed to change so it was able to chew the new food, its toes changed into hooves which made it easier to get about the different landscapes. These horses are thought to have had a similar brain and molars to the modern horse of today (Kimball 2006). The only real wild horse, to compare to the domesticated horse is the Przewalskis horse, although this species is extinct in the wild, there are some captive in zoos which have saved the species from total extinction and are now being captive bred (Boyd 1994). The Fell pony originates from the England/Scotland border. They are only a small breed around 14h maximum but are capable of carrying an adult man (Davis, 2008). They are a hard and sturdy breed and also versatile. The Fell pony matures late and will not breed often until as late as 7 years old. Most of the native Fells are left to roam free until the age of 2 or 3 and they arent overfed. Mares shouldnt breed before the age of 3 or permanent damage could be done to the reproductive organs and the mares maturity and growth can be restricted (Fell pony society, 2006). Environmental Factors Survival of the fittest means that only the strongest most resourceful animals live to breed. In the bad winter of 1946-47 most of the pure bred native ponies survived, but cross-breeds died. This winter was so bad that all but one group of Fell ponies that were cut off by deep snow for 6 weeks also perished (Richardson, 2008) The environment influences a horses characters, for example weight and muscle, these all depend on nutrition and exercise. The athletic ability and temperament also changes with different environmental factors. The size of the pony was due to the quality of grazing, ponies that were bigger than 13hh could not have survived on the moorland as their food intake would need to be greater than the smaller ponies (Mills, 2005). Demographic profiling of horse domestication is hard. Mongol herds show the selective slaughter of stallions at 2 and half years old, leaving the mares to survive (Zeder, 2006). A horses breed typical behaviour is reflected on the combination of two forces- physical environment and humans. Temperament differences are often linked with blood temperature (Jensen, 2009) Human intervention In early history of the Fell Pony, their origins were from indigenous ponies of the region, and in the Roman period of Northern England the horses were cross-bred with horses which were introduced by foreign mercenaries. These horses from Friesland region have the pre-potency and characteristics still seen today in the Fell pony (Richardson, 2008) There was also a mixture of Galloway blood, also Welsh cob from the stallion Comet. Small amount of Andalusian blood and finally Yorkshire trotter, which explains the larger 14.2hh ponies when the breed limit is 14hh (Fell pony Society, 2009). During the industrial revolution the Fell pony was used as a pack pony. They carried up to 16 stone of lead, iron ore, slate and coal from the mines. These ponies travelled 240 miles a week. From Kendal 300 Fells left to go over the country carrying cargo such as fish, grain, chickens and dairy products (Hamlets house, n.d.) The Fell pony society was created in 1916 and has the Queen Elizabeth II as the patron (Fell pony society, 2003). During the depression of the 1930s along with mechanisation the Fell pony breed was threatened and in 1932 at a stallion show there was only 3 ponies that were shown. King George V saved the Fell pony breed with a large donation and also Beatrix Potter donated to save this breed (Richardson, 2008) Low breeding numbers can drastically reduce the gene pool in a breed, causing it to bottle neck. This happened to the Fell ponies. In 1914, 5 stallions were the direct descendant of the famous Blooming Heather. Homozygosity is 54% in British rare breed horses. (Richardson, 2008) In todays terms, nature is taking out of the equation; there is no longer survival of the fittest among these horses. We provide them food and shelter, there is no longer natural selection (Richardson, 2008). Humans took horses from their environment in which they had evolved, and managed them under convenient conditions for us (Waran, 2007) These days the Fell pony is used by man for showing, riding and driving. The Fell pony society regularly holds performance trials where the horse tackles different terrains such as boggy paths and water crossing. These horses are smart and need to be kept active (The Fell pony society, 2009). Gene flow and polygenic inheritance of traits Not all Fell ponies are black. There are also brown, bay and grey ponies. Black didnt become the main colour until the end of 20th century, before this time dark bay was just as common as the black ponies (Fell Pony Museum, 2010). The two subspecies of wild horses are the Tarpan and Przewalskis horse. During domestication mares were crossed with stallions that had more desirable characteristics. It is assumed that mares from different regions were varied in morphology because of the adaptation to their environmental conditions. Gene flow (migration) is the main reason for lack of phylogeographic structure. As horses are so active migration levels are high. Two wild horses were found to have identical haplotypes from the Pleistocene era, one from Germany and the other Siberia (Kavar, 2008) The colour of a horse is built on a base of two colours only, black- E and chestnut e. The colour of a horse is controlled by genes at 12 different loci (Thiruvenkadan, 2008). The two genetic loci: Extension and Agouti control the black or chestnut colour of a horse (Sponenberg, 2003). Black is dominant over chestnut, and chestnut is therefore recessive. A horse that carries 2 black genes EE will be homozygous- black, a horse that carries one black gene and one chestnut gene Ee will also be black however it will be heterozygous, and finally a horse that carries two chestnut genes ee will always be homozygous, chestnut. If two heterozygous black horses are bred together Ee+Ee there will be a 1 in 4 chance of producing a black homozygous EE , 2 out of 4 chances of a black heterozygous Ee and a 1 in 4 chance of a chestnut being produced (Wellman, 2009). See table 1. Polygenic inheritance is seen in a variety of colour patterns in horses, such a shade and mane and tail colour. These might be due to influence of multiple genes (Thiruvenkadan, 2008). Gene mapping has been used to assign numerous coat colour traits and disorders that are inherited to the horse chromosome. Molecular genetic studies for coat colour in horses have helped identify the genes and mutations which are responsible for coat colour variation. Microsatellite markers that linked to the trait were also found (Thiruvenkadan, 2008). Microsatellite loci tests across horse population showed that the highest observed heterozygosity of 0.0782 and highest diversity of 0.779 was the Fell pony, the lowest was in the Friesian horse (Luis, 2007). Microsatellites show high allelic diversity and are used to calculate genetic distance between the breeds (Mills, 2005). Any horse breed existing today is an expression of the history of genetic drift and selection. The genotype for a breed will contain genes and combinations which code for specific characteristics, (such as good temperament and intelligence in Fells (Simper, 2003)). Foal Pony Syndrome Mutations that occur in a gene make it defective or somewhat unusual (Guttman et al 2002). This is seen as a deleterious gene in the Fell pony. In the early 80s it became aware that new born foals were dying from an unknown disease which couldnt be cured by traditional medicines. After post-mortem examinations the conclusion came that is was most likely something of genetic origin (Brunt 2000). Fell pony foals get a condition called immunodeficiency disorder (Fell pony syndrome). Plate 1 shows a foal with the syndrome. It affects foals less than 3 years of age. Both sexes get it; the signs are diarrhoea, pneumonia, lymphopenia, ulcers on tongue, a curly coat which is unusually long and death (Higgins, 2006). Blood samples from the foals revealed that there is a low red blood cell count, low lymphocyte count and a high white cell count. A diagnosis can be made from a bone marrow sample taken from the breastbone. The syndrome causes severe anaemia, impaired immunity and is fatal with the foals usually being put down or dying by the age of 3-4 months. As the syndrome is only known in the Fell pony breed it is assumed that its of genetic origin (Thomas, 2000).Foals usually fall ill around 4 weeks of age. This condition is possibly caused by an autosomal recessive deleterious gene which is inherited (Higgins, 2006) Due to the Fells small gene pool this syndrome is increasing at an alarming rate, as it is estimated that only 5000-6000 ponies are left worldwide. Selective breeding is better than the elimination of carriers when breeding to avoid a syndrome foal. If the syndrome is proved to be of genetic cause and the carriers can be found then they shouldnt eliminate the carrier ponies from the breeding stock as narrowing the small gene pool any further would have a devastating effect to the breed (Thomas, 2000). The level of FPS in the Fell pony population may be due to the history of the breed as after the Second World War there was a huge fall in numbers. This resulted in genetic bottleneck (Horse Trust, 2008). It is likely that two- thirds of the Fell pony population is a carrier, and 10-20% of foals a year are syndrome foals. No affected foals have been known to survive (Thomas, 2000). The stem cells in bone marrow are generally missing in the syndrome foals. The bone marrow matrix might be failing to produce the stem cells and be deficient (Millard, 2000).The most likely cause of the syndrome beginning is thought to have been inbreeding/line breeding in the 1960s (Plate 2). The original carrier stallion isnt known but there is one heavily used stallion in the 1950s that is noticed in the pedigree of each known syndrome foal (Thomas, 2000) The only way of getting rid of this genetic problem is with carefully managed breeding. Genetic disorders are common and the management of breeding has been seen in other animal breeds which have worked successfully for them (Brunt, 2000). The Fell pony society is performing constant genetic tests to try and eliminate the syndrome from the breed. The breeders are working with the society to preserve the Fell pony breed. Carries can still be bred to a test clear pony; this will stop the loss of desirable breed traits. The foals can be DNA tested to see whether they are a carrier or not. A veterinarian can collect samples and have them sent to a genetic lab to determine whether they are a carrier of the deleterious gene or not (Animal health trust, N.D)

Literature Supports Children’s Personality Development Essay -- Psycho

Personality development is the development of the organized pattern of behaviors and attitudes that makes a person distinctive (Laberge, 2006). Adults, especially parents and teachers, are principal components of these environments and therefore play a powerful role in helping or hindering children in their personality and cognitive development (Morrison, 2007, p. 99). According to Erikson (2007), children’s personalities and social skills grow and develop within the context of society and in response to society’s demands, expectations, values, and social institutions, such as families, schools, and other child care programs (pp. 98-99). Children personality does not occur over night. They learn and experience new things in life and how they relate to these experiences affect their personality. Erik Erickson (1902-1994), is a well-known German psychoanalyst that based his theory of psychosocial development on the premise that cognitive and social development occur hand in hand and cannot be separated (Morrison, 2007, p. 125). Erickson also strived to explain personality growth by describing how human beings respond to potential conflicts at specific periods in their lives (Giorgis and Glazer, 2009, p. 171). He described and explained his eight stages of psychological development, in which the first four of the stages relates to early childhood children. 1. Infancy: Birth-18 months old Basic Trust vs. Mistrust- Hope During the first stage, the first or second year of life, the major emphasis is on the whether the child develops trust. Children learn to trust or mistrust their environment and their caregivers. Trust develops when children’s needs are met consistently, predictable, and lovingly (Morrison, 2007, p. 126); therefor... ... as they grow. The little snail in this book had to learn that being different is not always good. Both books are good for parents and children to share a new adventure in life changing experiences, whether the baby is not the baby anymore, but a big brother or sister or if the young child is not happy about who they are until they see that who they want to be is not what they expect. Literature can provide young children adventures they may never experience in their life time. For those young children, who do experience adventures in their life, they need good age appropriate literature in their lives to show them different ways on how to deal, cope, or function in their life. A child’s personality can be supported and nurtured if they are given opportunities to explore and learn from their environment, whether the learning is exploring or reading a good book.

Driving Under the Influence Essay -- Driving Safety, Drinking and Driv

Drunk driving is an issue that effects many people across our nation. People do not realize the affects alcohol can have on the body and mind that slow decision making while driving. This issue begins in the home. Children see their parents, or other adults figures, have a beer or a cocktail and get in the car. Thus, making it seem like it is acceptable to drink and drive. â€Å"One in three people will be involved in an alcohol-related crash in their lifetime† (MADD). Driving under the influence is measured by a person’s blood alcohol level (BAC). BAC is determined by the concentration of alcohol in the bloodstream. Individual counties and states have their own legal level on blood alcohol percentages that they measure a person’s BAC to determine if they are intoxicated while behind the wheel. â€Å"Everywhere in the United States it is illegal to drive with a BAC of 0.08% or higher† (DUI Foundation). Once an individual makes the decision to get behind the wheel after consuming alcohol they are not only putting themselves at risk but the lives of other people on the road. After reviewing the Annual Report of the California DUI Management I was astonished to find that in 2008 there were a total of 214,811 DUI arrests (Annual Report). Of those 214,811 arrests I was sickened to find that 38,266 of the drivers were a second-offender (Annual Report). This means that these individuals have had one DUI arrest within the previous ten years. It is disheartening for me to discover that 26.4% of the reported 214,811 arrests are due to individuals who were second to fourth-offenders. California obviously has an issue with people who really do not give a second thought to getting behind the wheel of their cars after partaking ... ...† a week teaching kids the dangers of alcohol and drugs, is not the answer. Let us not just teach children to say, â€Å"NO!† to drugs and alcohol, but say â€Å"No!† to drinking and driving. I would much rather have my children and their friends saying â€Å"no† then making the choice to get behind the wheel under the influence and harm themselves or cause injury to others. Works Cited "DUI_2010_MIS_AR.pdf." California Office of Traffic Safety (OTS). Web. 11 Dec. By. "MADD - Statistics." MADD - Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. By. MADD - Mothers Against Drunk Driving. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. Home | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). Web. 11 Dec. 2010. DUI Foundation | Educate & Prevent. Web. 11 Dec. 2010. Century Council. "Learn the Facts." Www.centurycouncil.org. Web. Warner, Veronica. â€Å"Alcohol.† Questionnaire. Fresno, 2010.

Chechnya and its People Essay examples -- War Europe Essays

Chechnya and its People The ongoing civil war between the semi-autonomous republic of Chechnya and Russia has dramatically caught the attention of the world – a world that perceives the conflict primarily through the distorted lens of Russian propaganda, and the contradicting images of Chechen suffering on the independent media. If the West seems impartial or even indifferent to the Chechen conflict, it is because there is little understanding of this people, of their struggle, or of the vast complexities of the greater North Caucasian region in which the Chechens are a part. This lack of understanding extends to the hazy Western perception of the role of Islam in Chechen society. The broad generalizations that have been made by those in the media, by aid organizations, by the Russians, by Islamic groups, and by those in the American government are all politicized oversimplifications which seek to bring the core of the conflict to its lowest common denominator. Many of the claims revolve around Islam ; yet, few bother to take into account the greater character of Chechen society, or of the broader historical scope of change that Islam has followed in Chechnya. Often, Islam has changed in response to a Russian stimulus, but many of the Russian actions and reasons in this conflict are well documented. This study aims to analyze the Chechen role in the civil war – and the role of Islam in Chechnya – as opposed to the Russian role, which has been analyzed many times over. The North Caucasus It is difficult for Englishmen to take an intelligent interest in the internal affairs of Russia, owing to the vast number of problems involved, all of which depend upon varying local circumstances, and because comparatively few of us, ev... ...i International Magazine. 16 Oct. 2003 18. Menon, Rajan. â€Å"After Empire: Russia and the Southern ‘Near Abroad.’† The New Russian Foreign Policy. Ed. Micheal Mandelbaum. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998. 100-167 19. Chechnya : Tombstone of Russian Power 20. Islam in Chechnya. 13 March 1998 Univ. of California, Berkeley. 15 Oct. 2003 21. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London: Pluto Press, 2002. 22. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin 23. Russia : Islamic Countries Unlikely to Help Chechnya. 19 Nov. 1999 Radio Free Europe, 19 Oct. 2003 24. Kagarlitsky, Boris. Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin. London: Pluto Press, 2002.

Master-Slave Dialectic Hegel and Fanon Views

Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Master slave relationship and dialectic Fanon – Black Skin White Masks Black Skin and  Hegel Self Consciousness â€Å"In this experience self-consciousness learns that life is essential to it as pure self-consciousness. One (self-consciousness) is self-sufficient; for it, its essence is being-for-itself. The other is non-self-sufficient, for it, life, that is, being for an other, is the essence. The former is the master, the latter is the servant† (Hegel 189).Hegel suggests in the dialectic that there is coherence between subject and object, concrete and abstract, part and whole, and for the purpose of dialectic, master and slave. Hegel believes that â€Å"master† is a â€Å"consciousness. † The consciousness defines itself in mutual relations to what is referred to as slave’s consciousness. This occurs in a process of mutual interdependence and mediation. Hegel uses his Phenomenology of Spirit to provide his unders tanding and exposition of master slave dialectic as an account of both the need of recognition and emergence of self-consciousness.Hegel’s line of thought and work plays a crucial role in Fanon’s exposition of the colonization by the Western. Fanon exposition focuses more on violence and race. Violence adds urgency, complicates and is driven by the need for recognition. An optimistic and promising moment lurks in Fanon’s Black Skin White Masks. The promising moment in Fanon’s work is articulated in a humanity characterization which also serves as an entry point into mutual recognition. The question to ask; is there any hope in reconciliation and coming to terms with the colonial situation between the white master and the black slave?How can we address the problem of mutual recognition in light of racism and violence? Frantz Fanon’s exposition is based on a context that analyzed being both similar and different from our own context. Fanon’s w ork is based on colonialism that has come to an end with effects which are still around. Colonization effects are witnessed in the existing unequal relationships between the former colonies and the West. Fanon’s work still carries much relevance when we reflect on the existing racism and persistence violence in most of the former African colonies.There is a reassessment of the current context when we revisit to reassess Fanon’s Black Skin, White Mask. Fanon attempted to explain how Hegel’s master slave dialectic is significant to the context of former colonies. Being a philosopher and a significant figure in idealism, Hegel reflects his most profound ideas in master slave dialectic that left a significant legacy. Hegel attempts to describe and conceptualize a process of recognition that leads to mutual recognition. According to Hegel’s exposition, proper recognition is achieved through mutual recognition of one consciousness agent and another conscious ag ent.Fanon reflects Hegel’s idea when he says â€Å"There one lies body to body, with one’s blackness or one’s whiteness in full narcissistic cry, each sealed into his own particularity – with, it is true, now and them a flash or so. It is this flash of â€Å"recognition† in its Hegelian sense with its transcendental, sublative spirit – that fails to ignite in the colonial relation where there is only narcissistic indifference† (Fanon 1986). Mutual recognition brings freedom between self and the other and acts as an agent in the attainment and development of own self-consciousness.The self-consciousness is the cognitive awareness of self and the relation to the other and the world in extension. â€Å"If the standpoint of consciousness, which is to say, the standpoint of knowing objective things to be opposed to itself and knowing itself to be opposed to them, counts as the other to science – if it is that the point where consci ousness is at one with itself is where it counts to an even greater degree at the loss of spirit† (Hegel 26). Domination has a central role to play according to Hegel’s master slave dialectic description of specific relations among humans.Domination results from the urge to be recognized in life midst as well as death struggle. Fanon took Hegel’s master slave dialectic in his critique of colonialism and West. Fanon states that dialectic is relevant and crucial to human relations among the colonies. Fanon critique focuses on dialectic based on violence and racism. Hegel’s Self Consciousness: Master and Slave Hegel’s Phenomenology of Spirit (1807) provides master slave dialectic that reflects his ideas on history course up to when he was writing his work. Hegel’s dialectic takes an analysis form of self-consciousness and its working. This pure concept of recognition, that is, the pure concept of the doubling of self-consciousness in its unity, is itself now up for examination in terms of how its process appears for self-consciousness† (Hegel 185). Hegel describes way in which self can become conscious of itself by presence and recognition of itself by an-other. Hegel’s exposition reveals how the process of self-consciousness takes place at the expense of the Other. The Other is negated the moment the self becomes conscious of itself, and declares itself as â€Å"I† and the Other is destroyed as an-other.The negation and destruction of the other results from the other becoming image and mirror of self. The image is the attempts and urge of self to overcome the other in order to achieve primary and essential being in the world. Self and other eventually enter into a phase of self-consciousness which results in an unequal relationship characterized by strict opposition. The self is determined to declare itself as ‘I’ and become conscious in the presence and influence form of an-other. The sel f is no longer considered as a thing or useless or objects among objects by the other.In order to achieve this, self must see and regard the other as an object or a thing, which is attained by annihilating and negating the other considering the other as a ‘self’ existing for itself. In his exposition, Hegel uses â€Å"maser and slave† relationship to demonstrate the process and working of the whole process of self-consciousness. According to Hegel, the master is used to refer to the consciousness existing for itself and which is mediated with itself but through another consciousness. Through this mediation, the master becomes an ‘I’, a being for itself.To become a master, the self-consciousness is experienced in the virtue of presence of an-other. The other now becomes slave. Hegel’s description of slave is the one who is the dependent consciousness and whose essential nature is just to live and to be for another. â€Å"How consciousness is i mmediately to be found and how it determines itself and its object at any given time, that is, how it exists for itself, depends on what it has already come to be, that is, on what it already is in itself† (Hegel 234).The master inextricably links the slave with objecthood and the slave is bound to being considered as a thing by the master. The master desires for the thing and that is the slave, desire to possess it but not to destroy. In addition, this desire is characterized with the urge by the master to transform the slave into something that belongs to the master, thus stripping the slave off its foreignness. Defining the slave (object or thing) or the other satisfies the desire of the master by representing master’s act of making the other the same as the self (master).The slave (other) is bound to nourish the master’s (self) desire to make the world its own. The self takes control by seizing power over the other and he decides what and who the thing (slave ) is. What is the opinion and nature of the thing according to self (master)? According to Hegel, the answer to this question according to master is simple: a thing is something merely negative. â€Å"as the positive, avoids looking at the negative, as is the case when we say of something that it is nothing or it is false, and then, being done with it, go off on our own way on to something else† (Hegel 32).The relationship between slave and master has an ironic effect in that the master achieves his recognition and desire through another consciousness. This implies that the self (master) becomes dependent on the thing for his own self-consciousness. Slave’s chains become those of the aster as well and as a consequence, the process creates a scenario where there is no manner of full freedom but a presence of mutual enslavement to the other. This means that the object’s meaning is constructed and determined by an-other, creating a situation of being-for-other.This gives the thing (slave) the self-consciousness that is able to affix its own meaning. Hegel’s treatment of recognition comes into a situation where the slave turns the table on the master by way of regarding the master as a thing, which happens after the slave regards himself as an object and not willing to be modified and transformed into an object. Fanon’s Black Skin, White Masks: White Master Black Slave Frantz Fanon analysis of the topic on recognition in his work Black Skin, White Masks reinterprets Hegel’s in term of race based on the relationship of black man and white settler, or white master and black slave.Fanon states; â€Å"Man is human only to the extent to which he tries to impose his existence on another man in order to be recognized by him† (Fanon 168). Through this statement, Fanon reveals various positive and negative things that can be discussed about recognition. Desire or need for one to be recognized is a human attribute where a hum an wants to be recognized. Fanon reveals that one is human if he is recognized as such. According to Fanon, it is negative when the extent of the imposition of a self’s existence on an-other becomes a measure of humanity, where one is human by ensuring that one imposes oneself on an-other without challenges.Fanon still qualifies the concept of humanity as a bond between self and an-other. Fanon said; â€Å"It is that other being, on recognition by that other being, that is his own human worth and reality depend. It is that other being in whom the meaning of life is condensed† (Fanon 169). A self becomes hums when an-other recognizes him as human, intertwining humanity with the other. This slightly contrasts with Hegelian stand that humanity only comes about in the consumption of the other due to the urge and desire for recognition. Fanon expresses Hegelian need or desire as an â€Å"open conflict between black and white.One day, the White Master, without conflict, rec ognized the Negro slave† (Fanon 169). The black slave does not measure to the standards of whiteness and this drives to the assertion of the white settlers as a master. Black slave’s image to the white settler is that of negative attributes based on humanity as the slave is regarded as â€Å"machine-animal-men to the supreme rank of men† (Fanon 171) who are partly human, partly animal, and completely a thing. Hegelian master slave dialectic turns from master to object where the master is now considered as an object and the results asserts its own subjectivity.The black slave turns towards the master abandoning the object and the master’s subjectivity is considered as his own desires. In Hegelian final analysis, the slave disallows the definition of itself by the object (master) as refuses to be considered as a thing and through this; the slave takes hold of its own meaning. The Hegelian slave now forms its independent self-consciousness and his situation b ecomes so radicle that the object (master) becomes dependent on the slave to enhance in upholding his own self-consciousness.Fanon’s slave in white master black slave is not so fortunate compared to Hegelian slave. Fanon’s slave remains in an unfavorable situation as he does not create himself and continues to be dependent on the white master for his own self-consciousness. In his work, Fanon states; â€Å"The inferiority of the colonized is the correlative to the European’s feeling of superiority†¦It is the racist who creates his inferior† (Fanon 69). This directs focus on the subject since the black slave wants to be regarded as an object and never wants to be considered as an object.In the gaze of the white master, the black slave is used as an instrument for the master to measure his superiority. Additionally, the black slave gives the master the ability to realize his subjective security, and in defining himself and the world. Lastly, the slave is â€Å"denied in terms of individuality and liberty† (Fanon 164). The Conflict and the Violence The situation between the white master- black slaves may result to a radical and bleak situation. The environment shapes the slave and the desire for subjectivity is not yet exhausted with all odds staked up against the slave.The situations force the slave to â€Å"have an indisputable complex of dependence on the white man† (Fanon 168). The black cannot remain in the place assigned to him, for he seeks to find an end to this. According to Fanon, this happens through conflict and violence. According to Fanon’s exposition, â€Å"human reality in-itself-for-itself can be achieved only through the risk that conflict implies† (Fanon 170). Conflict becomes a central feature in humanity and human reality if there is a desire for one to be transformed from being an object to a subject.This in turn facilitates an entry to self-consciousness. Pursuit of subjectivity b y the black slave threatens the life of the master as Fanon puts it, â€Å"self-consciousness accepts the risk of its life, and consequently it threatens the other in his physical being† (Fanon 169). The desire for slave subjectivity implies that the slave wants to make himself recognized by virtue of his own agency, and he wants to assign meaning to himself as he desires. The slave no longer desires to be considered as a mere thing.Hegel gives a clear articulation of the Black slave’s desire for subjectivity when he states that freedom exists only because one is prepared to take the ultimate risk to obtain it. Freedom is not a right for the slave and is therefore essentially negative and gained beyond struggle and has to be earned. The characteristic of this freedom is the ability to assign and gain meaning by one self. â€Å"As this universal self-consciousness of each and all, spirit has in one unity its pure inwardness as well as the being for others and the being -for-self of the individuals† (Hegel 710).According to Hegel, â€Å"vanity is expected to give up this freedom, and, instead of being the arbitrary principle moving the content, it is supposed to let this freedom descend into the content and move itself by its own nature and then to observe this movement† (Hegel 58). The freedom and the agency involved in being-for-self is not granted for the black slave and the black slave fails to grant himself this freedom and agency.Fanon believes that recognition without struggle does not take place as the white man, in the capacity of master, one day, without conflict said to the Negro, â€Å"From now on you are free† (Fanon 172). However, the white man words to the Negro here seem contradictory since the tone seems normative in a sense, commanding the black slave to accept that he is now free since he has same rights as those of the master. The statement is an empty recognition considering that the slave wants to make hims elf recognized and take control of what transpires.Fanon describes slave-object situation by restating Hegel’s description: â€Å"The individual who has not staked his life, may, no doubt, be recognized as a person, but he has not attained the truth of his recognition as an independent self-consciousness† (Fanon 170). This point throws some focus on the idea of personhood in the Hegelian sense. It is through struggle that personhood is gained. However, this does not guarantee that that one has gained freedom or agency in terms of being able to provide oneself with a desired meaning.According to Fanon’s view, the black slave will be satisfied if master slave dialectic is inverted and the only means to so is through conflict and struggle. White master’s values are inherited and exercised by the black slave without transformations. This leaves the black slave at a bleak situation wondering if there is any hope in coming to agreement with the colonial situati on between the black and slave and the white master. Is it really possible to move form conflict and violence to mutual recognition on inter-subjective level?This move is however possible if we turn to Fanon’s characterization of humanity that serves as a point of entry to mutual recognition. Characterization of Humanity according to Fanon Humanity, according to Fanon, is characterized with a direction of mutual recognition that is identified by the importance of acknowledging differences among people, the integral role of action as it relates to the subjectivity formation and the basic values of humanity. Under acknowledgment of difference, the affirmation of differences between white and masters and black slaves is important.The white master addressing the black man as a brother attempts to convince the black that there are no differences between the black and the white. â€Å"When it does happen that the Negro looks fiercely at the white man, the white man tells him: Brot her, there is no difference between us† (Fanon 172). This shows a simple paternalistic curiosity that the white man has in the black man which in turn shows that the white master has an interest in the black man as far as the former slave can be of political and economic assistance to the white man.There are ulterior motives then through the way the white master proclaims rhetorically that blacks and whites are equal. This is not an assertion of equality but rather sameness. The role and impact of race in a society is an issue that should be handled carefully. Fanon states that action is integral to the formation of subjective self-consciousness when he states: â€Å"the former slave needs a challenge to his humanity; he wants a conflict, a riot† (Fanon 172). The former slave is rendered active from the outside challenges he faces and the desire for subjectivity.Action is central to Fanon’s idea as it is a notion that problematizes and undermines recognition. Act ion and recognition should however co-exist to assist one in attaining subjectivity. Fanon puts clearly the significance and utter importance of action, where one puts thoughts into what they consider to be basic values constituting the human world. Basic Values of Humanity These are the values that Fanon provide that motivate action from people, those that people pursue, with even a risk of death in the process. Fanon said: â€Å"that man is a yes. Yes to life.Yes to love. Yes to generosity† (Fanon 173). These values constitute the backbone of mutual recognition and also humanity. The values also serve as motivation towards action, implying that action should bring about a human society that is based on these values. According to Fanon, action is superior to reaction and in his work; Fanon says â€Å"man’s behavior is only relational. And there is always resentment in a reaction† (Fanon 173). Fanon follows Nietzsche when he says that human behavior must be acti onal and that freedom is found out of practice.However, reaction is not necessarily negative and action in this case can also be a reaction against something alike transgressions of humanity. Fanon conceptualizes the humanity transgressions when he states, â€Å"man is also a no. No to scorn of man. No to degradation of man. No to exploitation of man. No to the butchery of what is most human in man: freedom† (Fanon 173). It is the desire for life, generosity and life that defines humans as well as their desire for both freedom and a mutual recognition ad subjectivity in hich the agency is afforded by both the self and the Other for the provision of meaning to one’s own life. This freedom is both a practice and value and any transgression against it almost certainly results in a violation of humanity and human life. One’s actions, in favor of mutual subjectivity, must at the same time be a reaction against degradation, scorn, and any exploitation aimed at human l ife. Self and Other is inextricably dependent on a simple and basic, but mutually beneficial, conceptualization of humanity.Fanon’s Black Skins, White Masks thus provides a starting point for conceptualization and in that there is an optimistic moment in Fanon’s reading of Hegel termed as a point of entry into mutual recognition. Reciprocity as Key to Mutual Recognition Reciprocity is a key element in Hegel’s recognition. Fanon considers absolute reciprocity to be the foundation of Hegelian dialectic. One-sided recognition cannot work according to Fanon, who asserts, â€Å"action from one side only would be useless, because what is to happen can only be brought about by means of both† (Fanon 169).The search for meaning to life and for an authentic identity can only be fulfilled in mutual recognition. The move from objecthood to subjecthood is the starting point to mutual recognition. This need is integral to the constitution of a healthy and functional hu man society. A self primitively begin as an is, a being-in-itself. However, one wants to be and emerge into being recognized. One wants to be considered as a subject and not an object (being-for-other). The other requires the same presence of oneself, in order to reach the same result and as a consequence of a society of comparison is formed.There is a simple conviction at the root of the need for recognition that the self has about itself, namely that the self is not a mere thing and should not be considered as an object. The refusal to be objectified drives the desire for subjectivity which in turn opens up the possibility of independence, agency, freedom and personhood. The desire also represents the move â€Å"beyond life toward a supreme good that is the transformation of subjective certainty of my own worth into a universally valid objective truth† (Fanon 170).Such truth search, for a supreme good beyond life, represents the creation of the human world in which one seek s reciprocal recognitions by recognizing which is human in an-other. Master slave dialectic as revealed by Fanon and Hegel shows that the aftermath of colonization is a messy and uncompromising process where human lives are lost and seriously damaged. There is a number of empowering and positive values that emerge for their work such as those based on the possibilities and pitfalls of mutual recognition that characterizes a positive description of humanity.

Who’s Responsible for the final tragedy in ‘A View from the Bridge’?

Nowadays, family loyalty is not as common in families as in used to be. Think about your family, does it revolve around loyalty or something else? In the play, ‘A View from the Bridge’ written by Arthur Miller their whole family life revolves around loyalty and is an everyday duty. But evidently shown the pressure of family loyalty can push you to do things that might not be in your nature to do. It begins when Eddie and Beatrice give refuge to two Italian immigrants, whom are Beatrice’s cousins named Marco and Rodolfo. Once they arrive everybody’s feelings of lust, jealousy and anger begin to become stronger and stronger. But this still leaves the question open†¦Who or what is responsible for the final tragedy? Catherine joined the Carbone family when her mother died; they willingly took in and dedicated their life to take care of her. Eddie shows to be a caring and protective father especially when Catherine wants to go out in a short skirt, Eddie is not very impressed and says ‘You’re walking wavy’ and he doesn’t like they way men look at her in the candy store (‘I don’t like the looks they’re givin’ you in the candy store. . He seems to have this lead on Catherine over what she does and how she does it. But when Beatrice (Eddie’s wife) has her cousins come over illegally from Italy Catherine’s childhood days and behavior seems to slowly be drifting away as Catherine and Rodolfo begin to realize their love for each ot her; but not if Eddie has anything to do with it. At the beginning of the play, Eddie is clearly shown as an over-protective father figure over Catherine. At first his relationship with Catherine is publicized as a typical father-daughter relationship; he disagrees with things she says and he’s never content with her personal relationships. But Catherine also shows that she feels quite close to him when Beatrice reveals ‘You still walk around in front of him with just your slip’ and ‘you sit of the edge of the bathtub talkin’ to him when he’s shavin’ in his underwear’ This shows that Catherine is very comfortable with Eddie but it may be that its her being that comfortable that leads Eddie to want more than a father-daughter relationship with her. When Marco and Rodolfo arrive there is a clear attraction between Catherine and Rodolfo and this is only the start of a big problem in Eddie’s eyes. When Beatrice says â€Å"if it was a prince came here for you it would be no different† This shows that even Beatrice knows what Eddie’s doing but she said it’s going to be like this with every guy Catherine is with. Also that he will always love her, no matter who she loves. Beatrice is shown as a sensitive woman in a view from a bridge, she may not be shown as a must needed character but in fact there is more to Beatrice than we think. In the play we get the feeling that once Rodolfo and Marco arrive she wants everything to be perfect so when Eddie gets upset with the relationship with Catherine and Rodolfo she starts to snap at Eddie a lot more. I know this from when Eddie says 2you didn’t used to jump me all the time† but it kind of shows a caring side to Beatrice; she wants her cousins to have a comfortable and loving home to live in while they stay in America. Beatrice suggests that recently Eddie hasn’t been treating her like a wife and their love life hasn’t been all that it could be when Beatrice snaps at Eddie saying â€Å"When am I going to be a wife again, Eddie†. This lack of loving for his wife is probably because of his recent obsession with his niece’s relationship, he wants to be noticed by her because he detests that she has someone to love. Beatrice slowly starts to realize what Eddie is trying to and his involvement with Catherine when Beatrice says â€Å"You want somethin’ else Eddie and you can never have her! † (Catherine) By this point in the play it is pretty clear that Beatrice is telling the truth. But I don’t think Beatrice is stating what needs to be said, I think that she is attacked Eddie with this statement because she is annoyed of Eddie and jealous of Catherine because she is getting the loving from Eddie that Beatrice tries so hard to get, just a little bit of. Beatrice has a habit of laying out the truth to her loved ones, but in the end she sucks up to Eddie and does what he tells her to do; I see this when Eddie doesn’t want to go to the wedding and Beatrice makes her â€Å"own† decision to stay at home with Eddie and not go. At the beginning of the play Marco is shown as quite a chilled out person. As the reader we now he is a man devoted to her family and the loyalty that keeps them so close. He is so devoted that he had to leave his wife and children back in Italy to come and work in America. One of Marco’s first good qualities we see is a peacemaker; he is constantly trying to calm the tense atmosphere between Eddie and Rodolfo and in Eddie’s eyes his other good quality is being masculine and Eddie’s friend Louis describes as â€Å"A regular bull† and says â€Å"He’s a regular slave† I think this means he works hard. He tells Rodolfo to be respectful to Eddie when they have arguments but I think this is only because he wants to makes his welcome as long as possible so he can work for his wife and children. But when Eddie snitches to immigration Marco’s innocent feelings and peacemaker quality disappears. He almost turns into a completely different person. In the eyes Eddie, Rodolfo is an evil man who has only traveled to America to steal Catherine from him. When in fact he is just there to get money for his brother’s family and falls in love with Catherine. We know that Rodolfo can sing but he tends to sing in inappropriate places, such as; the house and down at the docks (these are places were they could easily get caught). We know a lot of good things about Rodolfo but not any bad things†¦and that’s what drives Eddie mad. So Eddie accuses Rodolfo of only wanting a relationship with Catherine to become an American Citizen. But when Catherine asks him (â€Å"Would you still want to do it if it turned out we had to go live in Italy? †) he replies â€Å"No; I will not marry you to live in Italy. I want you to be my wife, and I want to be a citizen†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ if Rodolfo really just wanted to be an American Citizen why would he reply with such an honest answer? His masculinity is tested when Eddie decides to â€Å"teach† Rodolfo how to fight (â€Å"come on, I’ll teach you. †) but Eddie takes advantage of him and boxes him straight in the face. Eddie thought that this showed that Rodolfo was gay but maybe he just didn’t want to fight? But then Eddie kisses Rodolfo to try and say that he is gay, but it didn’t work. In my opinion it made Eddie look quite silly because there was no reaction. Catherine, the beautiful seventeen-year-old girl; She is in the middle of the love triangle. She is portrayed as a loving daughter. She loves Eddie; He took her in a brought her up as his own and they are shown with a good father daughter relationship. Eddie Notices everything about Catherine her hair, new out fit (at the beginning of the play), she likes that he’s noticed but she doesn’t no that it’s really his secret desire fore her; Whereas Beatrice notices this when her cousins arrive. This is when we see a different side of Eddie, when he starts to get really jealous. Eddie becomes persistent I finding ways and excuses with stopping Catherine from going out with Rodolfo; this puts a strain on their relationship. But when Eddie kisses Catherine it just ruins the relationship, Catherine realizes what has been happening and is fuming at her uncle. Reputation is a big thing through this play and there are many things which let us know about this. When Eddie has a convosation with Beatrice and he talks about Rodolfo, he says â€Å"I’m ashamed. Paper doll they call him. Blondie now† this shows that Eddie is worried and doesn’t want to ruin his reputation down at the docks. Next big clue that respect and reputation is a big thing in this family is when Eddie shouts â€Å"I want my respect! † Eddie says this after he has turned in Marco and Rodolfo; in my opinion he has probably lost all respect for himself and is asking respect from other people in order to feel better. When Marco and Eddie are fighting in the street Marco shouts â€Å"That one! He killed my children! That one stole food from my children! † when he says this in front of the whole neighborhood this destroys Eddie’s reputation with the community. Eddie replies â€Å" Gonna take that back or I’ll kill him! † this shows Eddie will do anything to get his reputation back and he is not joking. The long lasting respect Catherine has for her uncle in lost (â€Å"You got no right to tell nobody nothing’, Nobody! The rest of your life, nobody! †).

Literacy in an Ever-Changing World Essay

Being literate, as defined in Webster’s New World Dictionary, is â€Å"the ability to read and write† or â€Å"to be educated†. By my own definition, literacy is the ability to read, write, and verbally communicate, while also comprehending those writings, verses, or phrases. However, literacy is not only reading and writing. In order for one to be considered literate in today’s society, that person must possess the skill of remembering and understanding what was just said or read. Our American culture demands literacy everyday, from being able to read street signs and signals, to understanding contracts and important forms. One is no longer considered literate in American culture if they are only able to read and write what applies to their personal life. We must now be educated in cultural literacy, computer and technology literacy, and academic literacy. To function and be successful in today’s ever-changing society, the average person must rise above the basic meaning of literacy and advance in their understanding of new technology, language, and speech. Most would agree that the skill of becoming literate begins at a very young age, from repeating the Alphabet after a teacher, to learning and remembering the names of animals, to simple word pronunciation. Even in Fishman’s essay â€Å"Becoming Literate: A Lesson From the Amish†, it is evident that children very young were reading and writing. We, as a society, place very high standards and expectations on children, and for that matter, teenagers and adults as well. All are forced to be â€Å"up to date† in the current vernacular and writings, and their ability to read, write and understand. Experiences with becoming literate may differ from person to person depending on their family, background, and beliefs. Someone with an Amish background for example, may have memories of repeating bible verses or book phrases after an adult reads them aloud. For me personally, the experiences have always been positive. I often remember sitting in the family room on my Grandfather’s lap while he assisted me in reading simple children’s books. Another fond memory is one of doing crossword puzzles and word-finds. When I was learning to read, phonics and â€Å"sounding out† words was the craze. We were taught in school to break the words apart and attempt to decipher them one or two letters at a time. Vowels and consonants, the sounds of long and short letters and pronunciation were all reinforced over and over. Learning to read, write, and understand all give an overall sense of accomplishment; both to me as a child, and even still today when I learn a new word or read a different book. The process of becoming literate, I believe, is a lifelong journey. As technology and times evolve and change, our degree of literacy must also so everyone will be informed of the advancements. Overall, looking back on childhood and even into my college years, memories involving the challenge of becoming literate have been positive experiences, as can be my future endeavors in literacy. In our current society, literacy, in all aspects of the word is imperative. In order for someone to find their â€Å"place† or where they fit in the social ladder, their level of literacy must show. Many teenagers have certain ways of writing and speaking. If one desires to be a part of that particular social group, they must learn to speak and understand the language used, as well as to verbally and non-verbally communicate their ideas and thoughts to others successfully. On many occasions, one must rely on their literary background to find their place and social group. To be literate does not always mean to use the â€Å"proper† words. For example, when attempting to fit into a social group, a person must learn and understand when to use that group’s way of speaking. â€Å"Slang† may be used in letters and language. Words may not always mean the same thing to different people either. One person may interpret the word â€Å"bad† as describing only a behavior, while to another person the word may bring about the idea of schoolwork. Understanding how and when a particular group uses certain words shows the ability to fit in. Finding your place also refers to fitting in with your workplace. Certain language, which is acceptable out of work, is not acceptable while you are on the job. Relying on your personal literacy is definitely a big part of finding your place and where you fit in society. For someone to honestly believe that reading and writing are of no real importance, going through life successfully would be very difficult. The ability to read and write are in fact, of great importance in everyday life. Everything from walking down the street and reading street signs, to signing and understanding contracts, even being able to secure an ideal job require literacy. In this day and age, literacy is a necessity if one wants a shot at any normalcy in life. Obviously, being able to read and write for leisure and entertainment is good thing, but to think that that’s all it’s good for is ridiculous. For example, if a man wants to get his driver’s license and purchase a car, he must read and understand the driving manual, be able to read the test questions, and interpret the street signs on the road. Not to mention all of the paperwork and signatures that come along with buying a vehicle. The positive aspects of literacy make themselves quite evident when looking for and applying for a job, and meeting certain pre-employment criteria. Literacy should be of utmost importance to everyone, and aside from being useful for entertainment and leisure purposes; it is imperative to become successful in life. Fifty years ago, a person may have been able to get by on what they had learned in terms of reading and writing, during their high school years. However, times have changed, and technology continues to evolve. Literacy in areas such as technology, academics, and culture are more important now than ever before, and will continue to gain importance as the days go by. To be literate helps in many aspects and gives people a clear advantage in the job market and life in general. The ability to not only read and write, but to really understand our ever-changing world will forever be a free ticket to the American dream.

Brazilian Independence

Brazilian Independence A critical review of â€Å"The Cambridge History of Latin America (From Idependence to c. 1870), By Leslie Bethell In this paper I will explain and highlight main arguments of Brazilian independence according to Leslie Bethell. The Brazilian independence was certainly not as violent as in the other Latin American countries and the independence was a final product of many events and influences.I will go through the economic situation Brazil was facing in terms of export and imports, followed by the installment of Portuguese Dom Joao in Rio de Janeiro, because of the Napoleon wars going on in Europe at the time and finally concluding on what finally gave Brazil independence in 1822. Economically, Brazil was major compared to its colonizer, Portugal. Brazil had the population the area and the natural resources to become a success, which they definitely was, but with a Portuguese exploitation of exports and population.Portugal was highly dependent on Brazilian exp orts and had a hard time providing Brazil with manufactured goods, an element Britain had a major role in. Brazil exported and still exports massive amounts of sugar to Portugal and later on, coffee and cotton became an important export, not to forget gold from Minas Gerais. It was basically hard for Portugal to justify the occupation of this new land of opportunities. The creation of a national identity that would help Brazilians to gain independence was definitely an important factor to the process.Some claim that the victory over the Dutch in 1654 was a major input and inspiration for the Brazilians. The Brazilian education and information system was although not on Brazilian territory and the minority of people that could afford it went to Europe for university. The economic, political and intellectual situation, led to massive criticisms due to the mercantile systems, its restrictions on trade, the heavy duty taxation on Brazil and also the high prices on manufactured goods wer e up for a beating.The reason why Portugal was able to hold on to Brazil was not because of military power and high oppressiveness as seen in other Latin American countries under Spanish rule, but because of the Portuguese crown Dom Joao and Portugals supply of stability in Brazil. The dissatisfaction should although not be exaggerated – the locals where in comparison much more involved with the formation and implementation of legislation just to mention one and Portuguese settlement had happened gradual, so prominent landowners were most likely first generation Brazilians, giving less incentives for rebellion and riots.All in all, Brazilians were better off than the other colonized countries in Latin America. Napoleon wars and moving Dom Joao With the Napoleon wars going on in Europe and many countries giving up their colonies, Brazil was kept in Portuguese hands. The Portuguese leader Dom Rodrigo de Sousa Coutinho, saw early on that Brazilian independence was just a matter of time. Therefore he suggested that regent Dom Joao should give up his residence in Portugal and move the apparatus to Brazil as a final option instead of being taken over by Napoleon.On August 12th 1807 Napoleon issued an ultimatum to the Portuguese foreign minister, he could either; close the ports to British ships, imprison all English residents and confiscate their property or face a French invasion. Britain backed the idea of leaving Portugal up and offered protection. For a while, Dom Joao tried to adopt anti-British policies, but already in November he learned that Generel Junot was marching on to Portugal with 23. 000 men. After the French troops entering Portugal Dom Joao made the decision of leaving Portugal.In late November the regent and an apparatus of 10-15. 000 people left for Brazil accompanied with British ships. The moving of the regent to Rio de Janeiro was a huge step for Brazil and their way to independence and the relationship between Portugal and Brazil was b etter than ever. The establishment of government in Rio de Janeiro ended the monopoly for Lisbon as an actor on exports and imports. Portugal no longer controlled Brazilian products and trade and Britain was the only country allowed to trade with Brazil until the ending of the Napoleon wars.The effects of having the regent in Rio de Janeiro, were great for Brazil. In 1808 the first printing press was published in Rio de Janeiro, furthermore books were released, libraries opened and probably most important; schools were opened which definitely contributed to the political awareness and intelligence. As a sum up on the movement, Brazil was now governed from Rio de Janeiro instead of Lisbon, and the relationship with Portugal was never really re-established. Later, after the liberation of Portugal, Dom Joao was expected back in Lisbon and British ships were sent to accompany they journey.Although Dom Joao had other plans and decided to stay and later on raising the Brazil to the status of Kingdom – thereby being equal to Portugal legally. In response to the decreasing colonial power a liberal-nationalsts opposition raised in Oporto and the Junta Provosoria was proposing a new constitution where the Cortes was to be elected for the Portuguese world. It became clear that the Portuguese intentions with Brazil were only to recapture Brazil and make it serve Portuguese interests. In general all the Portuguese attempts to lower the new status of Brazil and it’s political and economical opportunities were not successful.Trying to re-impose the heavy taxation and tariffs on Brazil only gave the Brazilians and even bigger incentive to gain independence. Independence Dom Pedro (son of Dom Joao) was the one to lead the process of cutting all cooperation with Portugal since the elites of Brazil came to the conclusion that it was not an option to keep doing so. This resulted in a combined elite front of Brazilian politicians, no matter political ideologies, to b attle the Cortes and they all swore allegiance to Dom Pedro.Brazilian politicians gained more and more confidence and in 1822 Dom Pedro received the last dispatches from Portugal revoking his decrees, charging his ministers with treason and demanding him back to Lisbon, he declared; â€Å"I proclaim Brazil forevermore separated from Portugal†. It although took some time to expel the last Portuguese men from Brazil. The Portuguese army ended up in Salvador, Bahia after being expelled from Rio de Janeiro. The Brazilian army was huge in terms of numbers but were not strong enough to overtake the Portuguese that consisted of 2. 00 regular troops and a 1. 500 men militia. The Portuguese had a major naval squadron stationed in Bahia, and therefore being in total control over the sea. Therefore Dom Pedro asked for the assistance of Lord Cochrane, a super successful frigate captain who had already played a major role in the independence of Chile in 1818. In 1823 Cochrane gathered a 9 ship Brazilian naval squadron for the blockade of Bahia and it was probably more reputation than actual force that made the Portuguese evacuate Bahia on June 2nd. The last Portuguese troops leftBrazil in March 1824 and Cochrane afterwards went to Rio de Janeiro to receive the title of Marques de Maranhao. Conclusion: The Brazilian independence was as mentioned earlier a pallet of many events and actors influencing the Brazilian population as well as the Portuguese. Brazilian demography and population size was important, not to mention the British, who played a large role all the way as an external actor. The moving of the regent to Rio de Janeiro and the Cortes helpless attempt to regain the former status of Brazil was definitely another factor influencing.Portugal as a nation was a declining European economy with trade deficits without Brazil. Also Brazil was not ruled by Portugal in the military way, and Portugal was only supplying the social stability in terms of a legal system. Therefore it makes no sense in itself for why Brazil should be ruled by a minor state compared to them selves. In my opinion the movement of the regent was one of the major events leading a much more joint operation and giving the Brazilians the local identity that led them to finally gaining independence in 1822.

The Rights of Children in Asylum under the UN Essay

The Rights of Children in Asylum under the UN - Essay Example Children who have separated such as the children who are far away from their states of derivation and alienated from parents or other relatives are not visible in this world. This invisibility is divided into two folds, first as children who frequently have no authority to raise their voice and secondly as asylum seekers, are prevented to have attention or power in the society. If these children are mostly invisible in the first case than who will become aware of them if they go missing Who will support on their behalf and participate as a substitute parent to prompt the state that its responsibilities under the UN Convention on the rights of the child relate to all children within its country, be they populace or not. Frequently, romantic concept of early days differentiates sharply with the severe actuality for a lot children globally. Amnesty international has recognized human rights infringement of children together with killing by death groups, agony, unfair imprisonment, obligatory genital disfigurement, slavery, trafficking on sensitive organs and cruelty of lane children. Additionally enforced marriage, forced recruitment and individuals trafficking and most of the children are repeatedly mistreated just because they are kids. Specific violation towards children of human rights has still to find clear example in government. Perhaps to guard the children. It is prefer to provide such children unseen rather than thinking about their encounters. However, the reason that they are grown-up adults and that going missing interprets as deciding to go secretive. While some may have a mature behavior as a result of their previous experiences it is these same experiences which have roughly overwhelme d the blameless child surrounded by. Maybe if they are called matured, they become grown-up and are called as asylum seekers. Although, these children should be observed as children initially and as primary plus their migration position should be less important. The best happiness of the child are dominant in any choice. For example, visualize that your family has been misplaced due to political brutality and eventually you become an orphan. You are only twelve years old and have soft retardation. A companion eventually protects a ticket and migration papers to dash you to the United States for refuge. Leading towards the entrance, you are under arrest for demeanor of a false passport. You are questioned single-handedly in a lingo you do not converse or understand. You discover yourself locked up in a mature prison with illegal criminals awaiting a managerial migration investigating on your allege to asylum. The system actually forgets to take you to see a migration judge for about eight to nine months. Yet while signified by in favor of bono advice, the migration court rejects you asylum and you stay locked up amongst the adults while you plea your case. You waste your initial three years in the United States, dragging your feet from jail to jail. At last you are free to a refugee protection and a new asylum consideration is prearranged. This strange step is the effect of worldwide media reporting and over seventy constituents of the assembly, several public notices is of foundations and thousands of people pleasing to migration systems for you. You then experience the greatest asylum tryout in U.S.

Analysis of Hatha Yoga Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of Hatha Yoga - Essay Example Methods Research refers to the process of collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and information with the agenda of solving a specific problem (Khan 132). This research, for instance, aims at answering the question on Yoga and how it is an intellectual and creative process that affects the mental, physical and spiritual well being of an individual. The research is also qualitative because it seeks to explore the nature of an issue. The first step of this research was formulating the research problem. This mainly aids researchers in clearly spelling out what they want to achieve from the research. In this step, the main challenge was determining the exact information that was relevant information in relation to the problem. This research mainly wants to shed light on the effect of Hatha Yoga on human beings physically, mentally, and spiritually. The study population for this research is primarily me and some other few participants whose participation were actually secondary. This is because mostly the research involves following online video instruction on Hatha Yoga exercises and postures. The phenomenon in the research is the relationship between Hatha Yoga and human beings mentally, physically, and spiritually. The most used research methods, in this case, are content analysis. Content analysis refers to a research technique for quantitative, systematic, and objective analysis of the actual content and internal concepts of media. This method was very important to this research since most of the data were collected from an online video source (YouTube). The advantage of the method is that it can allow both quantitative and qualitative analyses thus making it inclusive. The other research method that is probably in use in this research is an experimental research method. Given that watched the YouTube videos and learned the exercises and posture illustrated in them, the whole process can be referred to as an experiment. After learning all the Hatha Yo ga exercises and postures the noticeable changes are brought to the record. The main aim is observing how the activities will affect me physically, mentally, and spiritually. The results obtained through this method are always considered to be highly credible because they are based on primary data and information (McBurney and White 101). The literature review also formed an important part of this research. Since it involves a practice that I was not familiar with before, it was through the literature review that I was able to know the basics, history, and relevance of Hatha Yoga to human life. It was through the literature review that it was possible to get clarification on some concepts that were not clarified in the online videos. The literature review was also highly important in the collection of information that was used in the translation of the research’s finding. The research began with reviewing literature materials about the history of Yoga. The history was importa nt in understanding the fundamental concepts of Yoga and its purpose (Jackson 23).  Ã‚