Reflective Essay on Writing Skills - 539 Words

I always thought that my writing skills were pretty good until I started this class. It has been thirteen years since I graduated high school and I quickly realized that I had a lot of â€Å"refreshing† to do as far as writing papers. I actually felt very discouraged when I took the grammar test and did not score very well. I knew that I had to dedicate myself and put a lot of effort into this class to really improve. The practice quizzes were a major help to refresh on everything I must have forgotten since high school. Being able to write a quality paper is a skill that everyone should master. Writing is such a major part of communication in this day and age so being able to write an intelligent paper will benefit you not just through school but also through life. Writing skills are a reflection of intelligence and I want to perfect my writing the best that I can. Being able to write a quality paper is a skill that everyone should master. Writing is such a major part of comm unication in this day and age so being able to write an intelligent paper will benefit you not just through school but also through life. Writing skills are a reflection of intelligence and I want to perfect my writing the best that I can. The first essay was a persuasive essay on the right for gays/lesbians to marry. I believe that my first essay could have been a lot better. I think if I had based my paper on the topic sentences that I put together in the outline my paper would have been a lot better thanShow MoreRelatedReflective Essay : Writing Skills945 Words   |  4 PagesReflective Essay This fall semester in ESL 91has been pretty interesting, and so far successful. The main object of this semester was to improve our essay writing. We were taught various lab techniques that helped us to improve our English writing skills, such as using appropriate verb tense and how to write a research paper with a works cited. Through my work on the research paper I have learned how to write in an academic style, how to find appropriate sources from an academic database, and howRead MoreReflective Essay1508 Words   |  7 Pagesreflection in the mirror. The same can be said about the reflective compositions. A reflective composition is the result of introspection into past experiences or memorable events in our lives. We introspect into these memorable events and reflect over them with regards the emotions and influences they have left in our lives. In simple words a reflective essay is a piece of ‘you’ being presented in words. What is Reflection? In a reflective composition you really need to think about yourself andRead MoreDeveloping Strong Academic Study Skills926 Words   |  4 PagesDeveloping strong academic study skills in Higher Education is arguably the most important area of learning and development a student can cultivate, in order to achieve academic success. The skills that are acquired, the learning techniques that a student refines and life learning experiences are all going to develop into long-term career prospects and future career enhancement. Some of the key areas for development and discussion in this essay will include note taking/essay writing, critical thinking andRead MoreThe And Structure Of The Intellectual Argument888 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you write a persuasive essay, it’s good to think about how you will construct your argument, from the way you will organize your key points to how and where you will disprove opposing views. A lot of students find it hard to identify what it is that makes a good piece of essay writing. At the core of such writing, it is the nature and structure of the intellectual argument. So, what is an argument? An argument is well defined as giving of reasons, evidence and support for a claim that somethingRead MorePersonal Development and Learning Essay example897 Words   |  4 PagesDevelopment Reflective Essay Assignment The reflective essay will become the primary component of the senior portfolio a few years from now, but the process begins here in PDP 150 as students learn to apply their new reflective skills in developing of an effective portfolio. The reflective essay provides the opportunity to describe and document one’s growth as a person during this time in a student’s life, and the key to understanding the task is to emphasize the term â€Å"reflective.† In PDP 150Read MoreDtlls Study Skills Assignment Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesDTTLS STUDY SKILLS The aim of this essay is to give the reader an overview of the types of study skills necessary for a student to study for and attain a Diploma in Teaching in the Lifelong Learning Sector. In it I will discuss my personal approach to study and the study skills I need to use on the programme. The essay will highlight the skills I feel are my current strengths and draw attention to the areas I need to develop. I will briefly describe and evaluate some different reflective models andRead MoreReflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills1043 Words   |  5 PagesREFLECTION-ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the good and bad quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve myself around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goal wasRead MoreReflection Of A Reflection On Academic Skills1046 Words   |  5 Pages REFLECTION-ACADEMIC SKILLS When the word reflection is mentioned, the first thought is a mirror-like image of yourself. This is to define your own perception of the acceptable and poor quality within yourself. Taking action of the weaknesses and developing my skills to improve me around everyone, (Stadter, 2015). Gibbs Reflective Cycle (1988), a framework for students to resolve problems in assignments, step by step, I will reflect on my own problems, (UK Essays, 2013). My previous goalRead MoreReflective Essay : Reflective Self Essay1406 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Self-Analysis Essay My first semester as an exchange student, I decided to take a composition 1 class to improve my English skills. Before I came to America, I thought I was advanced in English and I was so confident to speak it. I wasn’t afraid to take this class because of my confidence to get good grades, although I never had written any essays in English ever in my life. On the first day of class, my confidence was crumbled and I could feel that my English skills were weak when IRead MoreThe Theory Of Reflective Practice Within Healthcare And Nursing894 Words   |  4 PagesThis essay will demonstrate an understanding of the theory of reflective practice within healthcare and nursing. Furthermore, the essay will identify and analyse the different models of reflective practice, the effectiveness of the models and how healthcare professionals can apply this within their profession. Also, the barriers that may prevent a healthcare professional from reflecting will be discussed in this essay an d how it will impact the quality of care delivered to patients. Reflection and

Obesity As A Social Problem - 1812 Words

Obesity as a Social Problem Have you heard about obesity as a social problem and how it affects many individuals around the world? According to the World Health Organization (WHO) (2014), obesity refers to the abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that impairs health. This epidemic has become a social problem since it has affected many people around the world and creates risks to their daily lives. To give an example of how it has reached the multitudes and become an epidemic, one in four adult individuals in Canada and one in ten children are considered clinically obese, according to the Canadian Obesity Network. That means there are six million Canadians living with obesity that require immediate support to manage and control their excess weight. Moreover, in developing countries with emerging economies the rate of increase of childhood overweight and obesity has been more than 30% higher than that of developed countries (WHO, 2014). Although some segments of the society have been strenuously fighting agains t obesity to minimize the number of individuals affected by it and increase the individuals’ quality and length of life, the number of people affected by obesity keeps increasing annually. For example, a study made by Jef Akst (2014) found that rates of obesity rose by nearly 30 percent in adults and almost 50 percent in children worldwide, with the total number of cases with this issue has increased from 857 million in 1980 to 2.1 billion in 2013. In addition, thisShow MoreRelatedObesity A Social Problem Or A Epidemic1671 Words   |  7 Pageswill be responding to Task 3: OBESITY A SOCIAL PROBLEM OR A EPIDEMIC. In the research that I performed on this topic, I learned many things, including that the problem of obesity is not one or the other it is both. Meaning that it is not just a social problem, or just an epidemic it is both of them depending on the environment or situation that the particular person or people are in at the time. It is also not just a problem in the Uni ted States, but it is a problem on a global scale. I plan to presentRead MoreObesity A Social Problem Or A Epidemic1670 Words   |  7 Pagesproposal will be responding to Task 3: OBESITY A SOCIAL PROBLEM OR A EPIDEMIC. In the research that I performed on this topic, I learned many things, including that the problem of obesity is not one or the other it is both. Meaning that it is not just a social problem, or just an epidemic, it is both of them depend on the environment or situation that the particular person or people are in at the time. It is also not just a problem in the United States, but it is a problem on a global scale. I plan to presentRead MoreObesity : A Serious Social Problem Essay2005 Words   |  9 PagesObesity has recently become a serious social problem in Mexico. According to the researches, the obesity rate has tripled in Mexico in the past 30 years. Mexico s obesity rate was less than 25% in 2000, and increased to 30% in 2012. In 2012, 69.5% of the Mexican po pulation is overweight or obese (Kurtzleben, 2012). Barquera’s scientific researches found out that â€Å"obesity has a strong negative effect on the incidence of type-2 diabetes and adult mortality - losses of 2 to 3 years of life expectancyRead MoreObesity as a Social and Medical Problem Essay1316 Words   |  6 Pages Obesity has become an epidemic in our over indulgent North American society. In addition to body image issues, obesity causes significant health issues. Society often views obesity to be a disease when it is actually a sign of a disorder, genetic or environmental. The percentage of our population that is growing overweight is increasing every year, and can become a very serious issue if it is not dealt with urgently. Problems relating to self-confidence, self-consciousness, and isolation canRead MoreObesity as a Major Social Problem: The Current Situation2247 Words   |  9 Pagescomplications brought about by obesity are well documented. Nutritional experts have over time argued that obese individuals are at a higher risk of developing other health complications including but not limited to diabetes, coronary heart disease etc (Sobel and Schneider 47). However, regardless of the adverse consequences of obesity, the statistics (highlighted elsewhere in this text) clearly indicate that America is increasingly becoming an obese nation. With that in mind, obesity can be regarded one ofRead MoreChildhood Obesity And How Genetic, Social And Environmental Factors Help The Problem Of Obesity970 Words   |  4 PagesObesity is now considered an epidemic stated by Hall and Elliman (2010) they also declared how around one to two thirds of children will go onto become obese. To be able to avert obesity there needs to be an understanding of what elements can cause obesity, but also to understand the harm it can have on the health and wellbeing of the child, this allows people to support children with the condition. This essay will delve deeper into this in relation to childhood obesity and how genetic, social andRead MoreObesity as a Social Issue Essays869 Words   |  4 PagesObesity as a Social Issue Individual problems such as addictions, illnesses and mental depression stalk us throughout our lives, but there is more to addictions, illnesses and mental depression than meets the eye. A good example of this theory is obesity. Obesity in Australia is turning into a problem and as the rates of obesity increase each year, the larger the problem expands. According to sociologist, C. Mills, problems can be divided into either troubles or issues and more often than not, aRead MoreObesity And Its Effects On Obesity1637 Words   |  7 Pagescan effects of obesity be. First of all what is an obesity? Obesity is an abnormal accumulation of body fat, usually 20% or more over an individual s ideal body weight. It is a very serious problem and is becoming very dangerous in today’s world. Obesity is now considered to be the second most preventable death in America, with tobacco being the first. As use of tobacco rates continues to decline, the obesity rates continue to rise. With that being said, death numbers of obesity are going to riseRead MoreWhat Are The Largest Problems That Plague America? Essay1383 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are the largest problems that plague America? Most would argue that issues such as mass hunger, climate change and poverty are the most prominent difficulties that the United States faces. While these things are important, and do have a great impact on the country, there is another large and often forgotten issue that faces America: childhood obesity. This nationwide problem is also directly harmful to the strength and conditioning industry. Physical education classes are failing to involveRead MoreFactors That Influence Obesity Rates Among Children Essay1520 Words   |  7 Pagesdescribe the factors that influence obesity rates among children. It will review relevant literature concerning the bio-psychosocial facts and etiology involved in childhood obesity. This paper will discuss why this is a problem not only for the client syste m, but also a significant social problem. Multiple systems will be explored to support the continuation of the problem on a micro, mezzo and macro level. Some specific policies that exacerbate the problem will be looked at along with basic values

Robust Monitoring of CAPM Portfolio Betas †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Robust Monitoring of CAPM Portfolio Betas. Answer: Introduction: Portfolio represents the combination of two or more stocks that either trade on same stock exchange or belong to different stock exchange. Risks and return that portfolio provides to the investor is certainly dependent upon the risk and return of the individual stock and weight of each of stock in portfolio. Risk is of mainly type systematic risk and unsystematic risk. Unsystematic risk refers to that risk that is associated with the industry in which that particular stock belongs to. The unsystematic risk can be diversified through diversifying the investment through use of portfolio. So it can be said that only systematic risk can be mitigated through use of proper finance tool. There is no way through which the systematic risks can be mitigated as these types of risk are not in control of the investment (Chocholaa, Hukov and Zuzana, 2012). As it required to from a portfolio of two or more stocks that can provide us with good return and minimum risk as compare to individual stocks. Below is the group of 5 companies that has been selected for portfolio purpose. In the below portfolio five companies has been selected with equal weights and following are the results (Patton and Timmermann, 2010). Portfolio Weighted Return and Beta Company Expected return of Company Beta Weights Weighted Return Weighted Beta QAN 6.66% 0.245 20% 1.33% 0.0489718 WFD 5.70% 0.156 20% 1.14% 0.0312724 ANZ 4.54% 0.050 20% 0.91% 0.009975 WOW 4.45% 0.042 20% 0.89% 0.008335 CBA 4.78% 0.072 20% 0.96% 0.0144469 100% 5.23% 0.113001 The beta of the complete portfolio is 0.11 which is less form the overall individual stocks. The expected return of the portfolio is 5.23% is average looking at the expected returns of the individual stocks (Zimmerman and Yahya-Zadeh, 2011). References Chocholaa, O., Hukova, M., and Zuzana, P. 2012. Robust monitoring of CAPM portfolio betas. Journal of Multivariate Analysis, 115, pp. 374-395. Patton, A.J. and Timmermann, A. 2010. Journal of Financial Economics. Journal of Financial Economics, 98, pp. 605-625. Zimmerman, J.L. and Yahya-Zadeh, M., 2011. Accounting for decision making and control.Issues in Accounting Education,26, pp.258-259.

Recruitment and Selection the Hofstede Model free essay sample

Employees are sent to international assignments for one or more reasons: 1. to fill positions for which host country employees are judged to be unsuitable 2. for reasons of management development; and 3. for reasons of organisational development Sometimes the first involves the intention of the organisation to maximise management control and coordination. The second is often cited in terms of giving the manager international experience before promotion within the firm in the home country. The third is more diffuse, involving a general internationalisation of the organisation and building of networks of relationships across countries and cultures. Sending an employee to another country to manage an organisation’s operations has become a complicated process, typically requiring sophisticated understanding and complicated procedures. For the organisation, and for the individual manager, the stakes can be surprisingly high. Why this should be so, and what companies are reported as doing about it in the quest to optimise performance, warrants examination. We will write a custom essay sample on Recruitment and Selection the Hofstede Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Learning objectives After studying this module, you should: †¢ be able to understand the dimensions of expatriate assignment success and failure, and their consequences for expatriate selection †¢ be able to use this knowledge as a basis for understanding expatriate selection Selecting the expatriate On the whole, the replacement of expatriates with host country nationals (HCNs) has been seen as a positive trend In the short run it is easier to train and promote host and third country nationals than it is to select high potential candidates and expend the resources necessary to give them the attitudes and cultural skills they need to function effectively abroad (Kobrin 1988). Research has recently suggested that the high failure rate of expatriates on international assignment, and the subsequent difficulties and financial expense of repatriating these managers, has made the alternative of employing host-country managers more attractive to multinational companies. A 1983 survey by Kobrin (1988) reported that 80 percent of U. S. firms employed a local national as head of a majority of country operations (Kobrin 1988). The Asian currency crisis of 1998 accelerated the move by many companies employing expatriates to establish policies for the preferential hiring of host-country nationals over expatriates, wherever possible. For example, some Sheraton hotels in Asia (especially in Malaysia) have a notional limit of two expatriates per property. The reason given is that expatriates are too expensive to appoint. A further argument cited by some host countries is that expatriates deny their own people the essential jobs and training they need, and some critics have suggested that ‘the expatriate’ is still seen in certain countries as a historical throw-back to the privileged and frequently racist elite of colonial times. If there is a strong feeling of nationalism in the host country, having home country nationals as managers can make the subsidiary seem very foreign indeed (Ball McCulloch 1996). In spite of all the reasons to the contrary, the evidence is that many companies still prefer to expatriate their own home-country managers to run their international operations, at least in the early stages of the operations. One reason commonly given is that the parent company prefers to have someone in the job that it knows and who knows the headquarters way of doing things, in addition to having someone who is demonstrably skilled and knowledgeable about the technical aspects of the job. Another reason given relates to the perceived need for the development of managers from the parent company, through international assignments. There is every indication that a detailed examination of the trends in this area of International HRM practice is required. Expatriate ‘failure’ As business becomes globalised, many more Australian companies than ever before are sending staff to overseas postings. The evidence from American and European studies indicates that this is both expensive and risky (Bartlett et. al 1990; Black et. l 1991; Brewster Larsen 1992). The magnitude of the problem being faced by many international organisations can be grasped from the number of expatriate assignments judged to have failed (Shilling 1993). With national variations, it has been estimated that twenty to fifty percent of personnel sent abroad return prematurely from their overseas assignment (Distefano Lane 1992). Further, as many as 50 percent of expatriates who do not return pre maturely function at a low level of effectiveness (Black Mendenhall 1990). These are presumably the result of selection errors, or of ineffective management policies and/or practices. Such failure is usually described in the research literature as ‘expatriate retention failure’, in terms of high levels of early returns of expatriates, either through recalls by companies or through the manager’s voluntary early departure from the assignment, and in terms of ineffective or suboptimal performance of expatriates (Baker Ivancevich 1971; Black et. al 1991; Copeland Griggs 1985; Misa Fabricatore 1979; Tung 1982; Nicholson et. l 1990). There seems to be general consensus that human resource managers in organisations with expatriate staff have a responsibility to determine what causes failure, and what expatriate needs might be provided for in order to optimally support the expatriate on assignment. Expatriates ‘fail’ in their assignments for reasons which may have at least as much to do with personal adjustment difficulties, and with the personal difficulties of the spouse and family in particular, as with deficiencies in technical competence. Such specifically job-related expertise aside, the logical question concerns what can be done about enhancing personal adjustment through selection, preparation and support. Expatriate adjustment Organisations have an obvious vested interest in assisting their expatriates to adjust to their environments as quickly and effectively as possible. Much can be learned from studies of personal relocation, of which expatriation is a special case. These are proposed as among the factors which may be important for the adjustment of the expatriate. A six-month sideways transfer, alone, to an unknown, less developed, and distant country where language, customs, and climate are arduous, is likely to be a very different experience from a sojourn in a pleasant country with similar language and customs, accompanied by one’s spouse and children. Expatriate couples and families There is now strong research literature in regard to dual-career couples, defined as ‘two people in a marital or other significant relationship, where both partners display a high degree of commitment to their respective work roles’ (Pierce Delahaye 1996, p. 905). The ‘morbidity’ for dual career couples and families related to international relocation is reputedly high (Hamill 1989). Coyle’s Australian study reported that 52 percent of spouses suffered increased physical symptoms of stress after moving, and 28 percent reported a decline in health (Coyle 1988). Worries about ‘loss of social contacts’ and ‘problems with family property’ figured importantly in relocations, along with ‘problems of spousal employment’ and ‘worries about children’s educational needs’ (Munton Forster 1990, pp. 75–81). Additional complications arise in the case of the children in expatriate families; teenagers with strong peer-dependence may simply refuse to relocate. Children of expatriates are often expected to be less involved with friends, and they tend to spend their leisure time alone (Brett 1982). They are also required to develop the skills of making and unmaking social friendships quickly and without undue stress. With the expatriate working long hours and often away from the home, the spouse and family may see little of him or her. The spouse is thus forced to deal with domestic crises alone, usually in a strange land and culture, and perhaps battling with a foreign language. The nature of the expatriate experience depends on many different variables, one of which is the way in which the manager and his or her family approach it. While the stories of distress and failure are dramatic, there are many expatriates who return from assignments they rate as highly successful, not only in terms of business criteria, but in terms of enriching their family lives and general education, to an extent that any negative aspects are more than compensated for (Stokols Shumaker 1982, pp. 149–171). ‘I’d go back tomorrow’ is a common response from repatriates. ‘The threat and challenge of people who are different’ The inability of expatriate managers to adjust to the host culture’s social and business environment is costly in terms of management performance and the productivity in the overseas operation (Hogan Goodson 1990). Just how successfully an expatriate adjusts to ‘the threat and challenge of people who are different’ (Jenkins 1975) is determined by a multivariate process. The need for a comprehensive consideration was pointed to by Mendenhall and Oddou (1985), in terms of four dimensions of the adjustment process in which the ability to adapt is proposed as strongly influential in the outcome of an international assignment: . The Self-oriented dimension: This is the degree to which the expatriate expresses concern for self-preservation, and is characterised by reinforcement substitution (the ability of the expatriate to substitute other reinforcements as interests in the new culture), stress reduction (the ability to cope in a foreign culture without experiencing d isturbing stress), and technical competence (the mastery of the core competencies of the job to which the expatriate is assigned). 2. The Others-oriented dimension: This identifies the expatriate’s abilities to interact effectively with host-country nationals, and is composed of the factors of relationship development (being able to form appropriate relationships with host-country nationals) and willingness to communicate (including the ability of the expatriate to communicate in the host-country’s language). Well-adjusted expatriates are likely to collect ‘conversational currency’ (anecdotes, jokes, local phrases, sporting terms, etc. which can be used to indicate a desire to understand and relate with host-country nationals. 3. The Perceptual dimension: This includes the expatriate’s ability to perceive and understand why persons from other cultures think, feel and behave as they do, and not to impose one’s own values on assessments of situations. 4. The Cultural-toughness dimension: This refers to the cultural ‘distance’ between the host country and the expat riate’s home country; how ‘tough’ the host culture is will have an effect on how well the expatriate is able to adjust to it and succeed in the assignment. Expatriate adjustment problems thus have to do firstly with the expatriate, and what he or she brings to the international assignment, and secondly with the environment, and the various influences it has on the expatriate. How then are expatriates to be prepared for the environments they face? Indeed, what are the environments of international HRM? The ‘Hofstede model’ Dutch scholar Geert Hofstede defines cultures as ‘the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one category from another. ’   (Hofstede 1984) . Its main features are: 1. Culture is based on a system of values about how things ought to be 2. Culture is learned and not innate 3. Culture influences the behaviour of group members to act in predictable and uniform ways 4. Culture is particular to a group 5. Culture is both explicit and implicit. In short, ‘culture is a shared system of meanings that is coherent, orderly and makes sense; the mental map that guides our relationship to our surroundings and other people’ (Burns 1998, p. 6). 1. Power Distance—the extent to which the members of a society accept that power in institutions and organisations is distributed unequally. Larger inequalities would be acceptable in a high distance society, which would typically accord great authority to people with titles (e. g. , India, Philippines). Such societies have greater centralisation, tall organisation pyramids, and large wage differentials. The seller is subservient to the buyer, and there is less inclination to trust unknown foreigners. Trust is vital. In a lower power distance society, inequalities are played down; superiors have authority but are not revered (e. g. , Denmark; Australia is moderately low). Such societies show less centralisation, flatter organisation pyramids, more open communication, and fewer wage differentials. They also exhibit greater welfare orientation in their economies. 2. Uncertainty Avoidance—the degree to which the members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity, which leads them to support beliefs promising certainty and to maintain institutions protecting uniformity. Societies high in uncertainty avoidance are characterised by an increased level of anxiety in people (e. . , France, Japan), said to be manifested by nervousness, stress, and aggressiveness. Such societies have rules that seek to minimise deviate behaviour, rely on barriers in ambiguous situations, and are less given to risk-taking. Their members are said to put great value on job security, career pathing, retirement benefits, and health insurance, and prefer not to work abroad. In return they tend to be loyal and work best with clear instructions and tight contr ols from home country managers (Mead 1990). Belgium is an example, where workers expect six months notice and two years’ severance pay. Low uncertainty avoidance cultures (e. g. , Denmark, USA, Great Britain; Australia is just below average) have fewer written rules, less structuring of activities, great variability, and more generalists, with greater risk-taking. Managers in low uncertainty avoidance, entrepreneurial countries such as Singapore and Hong Kong are thus required to alter their behaviour accordingly, to cope with such cultural differences. 3. Individualism versus Collectivism—the preference for a loosely-knit social framework in society in which individuals are supposed to take care of themselves and their immediate families only, instead of forming cohesive groups for protection and support. Collectivist cultures place great value on harmonious relationships, and the company is likely to defend the employee’s interests (e. g. , Taiwan, Mexico, and Greece). Loyalty may be valued before efficiency, particularly loyalty to the family and to the work group. This loyalty to the family (as in China) or to the workgroup (as in Japan) is not altruistic, though, as it does not extend beyond the in-group. There is little generalised charity to others. Using individualised performance appraisal and motivation techniques as in some Western societies is not always effective, for obvious reasons. The employer-employee relationship is a moral one; there is an emphasis on obligations to the group, in regard to shame, harmony, and respect for opinions predetermined by the group. Patronage is common, as a reward for loyalty, and power-distance is usually high. By contrast, individualist cultures are more interested in maintaining an individual’s self-respect, and companies rely on individual employees to defend their own interests (e. g. , USA, Britain, and Australia). Such a dimension has clear relevance to managerial decision-making about how to motivate workers. The emphasis is on individual achievement and rights, and personal responsibility for actions. Intragroup competition is common. Tasks may be given higher priority than relationships, and there are few emotional attachments between management and workers. Employee loyalty to the organisation may be instrumental and self-serving. Individualism correlates with low power distance. 4. Masculinity versus Femininity—‘masculinity’ is used to describe the preference for achievement, heroism, assertiveness, and material success, as opposed to ‘femininity’, which is thought to imply a preference for relationships, modesty, caring for the weak, and for quality of life. In a masculine society, even the women prefer assertiveness (at least in men); in a feminine society, even the men prefer modesty. Countries found to be high on this scale (e. g. , Japan, Austria, Mexico, Italy; Australia is moderately high) have clearly defined sex roles, fewer women in qualified jobs, reward aggression and competition, and have organisations that interfere with individuals’ private lives. In masculine societies, leaders have great independence, and work is valued as a central life interest. Managers in such cultures usually emphasise merit-based reward practices in their efforts to gain higher organisational performance (Newman Nollen 1996).

sound and fury essays

sound and fury essays William Faulkner's fourth novel, The Sound and the Fury, which chronicled the decline of a once-esteemed Louisiana family, the Compsons, might have been a commercial failure after its 1928 release, but was always affectionately referred to by the author as his "most splendid failure" (Cape and Smith 1929). The Compsons illustrate the way in which a highly respected clan of the Southern aristocracy can, through a chain of unfortunate events, orchestrate their own fall from grace. Faulkner also uses the characteristics of the individual family members to illustrate the varying ways in which our search for self-worth in society at large can go awry. The title of the novel is a reference to Shakespeare's Macbeth: "And all our yesterdays have lighted fools The way to dusty death. Out, out, brief candle! Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player That struts and frets his hour upon the stage And then is heard no more. It is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury Signifying nothing" (Shakespeare, Macbeth, V.v.23-29). This is symbolic of the Compsons displacement in the Southern society of the 1930s. Prior to the Civil War, they meant something. However, after the war, their aristocratic world was never the same, and as the South moved into the twentieth century, their airs and graces and heritage signified nothing. In fact, the Compsons life in the 1930s made a mockery of their history a century past. Southern families of the antebellum period were, like European nobility, obsessively concerned with breeding and lineages and marrying well. In the twentieth century, however, the Compsons breed a retarded child; two of the siblings have an incestuous affair; one conceives a child out of wedlock; and, in the words of John K. Roth, the Compson family ceases finally to be a place where love is sustained (Roth, 214). None of these things, in and of themselves, are clear indications that a famil...

Biography of Pancho Villa, Mexican Revolutionary

Biography of Pancho Villa, Mexican Revolutionary Francisco Pancho Villa (born  Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula; June 5, 1878–July 20, 1923) was a Mexican revolutionary leader who advocated for the poor and land reform. He helped lead the Mexican Revolution, which ended the reign of Porfirio Dà ­az and led to the creation of a new government in Mexico. Today, Villa is remembered as a folk hero and a champion of the lower classes. Fast Facts: Pancho Villa Known For: Villa was a leader of the Mexican Revolution, which overturned the government of Mexico.Also Known As: Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula, Francisco VillaBorn: June 5, 1878 in San Juan del Rà ­o, Durango, MexicoParents: Agustà ­n Arango and Micaela ArmbulaDied: July 20, 1923  in Parral, Chihuahua, MexicoSpouse(s): Unknown (according to legend, he was married more than 70 times) Early Life Pancho Villa was born Josà © Doroteo Arango Armbula on June 5, 1878. He was the son of a sharecropper at the hacienda in San Juan del Rio, Durango. While growing up, Pancho Villa witnessed and experienced the harshness of peasant life. In Mexico during the late 19th century, the rich were becoming richer by taking advantage of the lower classes, often treating them like slaves. When Villa was 15, his father died, so Villa began to work as a sharecropper to help support his mother and four siblings. One day in 1894, Villa came home from the fields to find that the owner of the hacienda intended to have sex with Villas 12-year old sister. Villa, only 16 years old, grabbed a pistol, shot the owner of the hacienda, and then took off for the mountains. Exile From 1894 to 1910, Villa spent most of his time in the mountains running from the law. At first, he did what he could to survive by himself. By 1896, however, he had joined up with some other bandits and become their leader. Villa and his group of bandits would steal cattle, rob shipments of money, and commit other crimes against the wealthy. Because he stole from the rich and often shared his spoils with the poor, some saw Villa as a modern-day Robin Hood. It was during this time that Doroteo Arango began using the name Francisco Pancho Villa. (Pancho is a common nickname for Francisco.) There are many theories as to why he chose that name. Some say it was the name of a bandit leader he had met; others say it was Villas fraternal grandfathers last name. Villas notoriety as a bandit and his prowess at escaping capture caught the attention of men who were planning a revolution against the Mexican government. These men understood that Villas skills would make him an excellent guerilla fighter during the revolution. Mexican Revolution Since Porfirio Diaz, the sitting president of Mexico, had created many of the current problems for the poor and Francisco Madero promised change for the lower classes, Pancho Villa decided to join Maderos cause and agreed to be a leader in the revolutionary army. From October 1910 to May 1911, Pancho Villa was a very effective military leader. However, in May 1911, Villa resigned from command because of differences he had with another commander, Pascual Orozco, Jr. Orozco Rebellion On May 29, 1911, Villa married Maria Luz Corral and tried to settle into a quiet domestic life. Unfortunately, though Madero had become president, political unrest again appeared in Mexico. Orozco, angered by being left out of what he considered his rightful place in the new government, challenged Madero by starting a new rebellion in the spring of 1912. Once again, Villa gathered troops and worked with General Victoriano Huerta to support Madero in quashing the rebellion. Prison In June 1912, Huerta accused Villa of stealing a horse and ordered him to be executed. A reprieve from Madero came for Villa at the very last minute, but Villa was still remitted to prison. He remained in prison from June 1912 to when he escaped on December 27, 1912. More Fighting and Civil War By the time Villa escaped from prison, Huerta had switched from a Madero supporter to a Madero adversary. On February 22, 1913, Huerta killed Madero and claimed the presidency for himself. Villa then allied himself with Venustiano Carranza to fight against Huerta. He was extremely successful, winning battle after battle during the next several years. After Villa conquered Chihuahua and other northern areas, he spent much of his time reallocating land and stabilizing the economy. In the summer of 1914, Villa and Carranza split and became enemies. For the next several years, Mexico continued to be embroiled in a civil war between the factions of Pancho Villa and Venustiano Carranza. Raid on Columbus, New Mexico The United States took sides in the battle and supported Carranza. On March 9, 1916, Villa attacked the town of Columbus, New Mexico. His was the first foreign attack on American soil since 1812. The United States sent several thousand soldiers across the border to hunt for Villa. Though they spent over a year searching, they never caught him. Peace On May 20, 1920, Carranza was assassinated and Adolfo De la Huerta became the interim president of Mexico. De la Huerta wanted peace in Mexico, so he negotiated with Villa for his retirement. Part of the peace agreement was that Villa would receive a hacienda in Chihuahua. Death Villa retired from revolutionary life in 1920 but had only a short retirement, for he was gunned down in his car on July 20, 1923. He was buried in Parral, Chihuahua. Legacy For his role in the Mexican Revolution, Villa became a folk hero. His life has inspired numerous films, including The Life of General Villa, Viva Villa!, and Pancho Villa Returns. Sources Katz, Friedrich.  The Life and Times of Pancho Villa. Stanford University Press, 1998.Knight, Alan.  The Mexican Revolution: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2016.McLynn, Frank.  Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. Basic Books, 2008.

Urbanisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Urbanisation - Essay Example For instance, introduction of or change of EU migration policies with the aim of restricting free movement of its members within registered states would significantly reduce mass migration effects (Kern, 2014, p. 1). Besides migration policies, enactment of protective environmental policies including social protection strategies would help in reducing related effects such as poverty and inadequate social amenities (UK Government, 2011, p. 135). In addition, structured social protection policies would enhance livelihood of Britons and migrants as they adapt to effects of mass migration. It is imperative for UK government to possess the responsibility of urban regeneration through paying of urban facilities improvements. The government collects enormous taxes from citizens that should be applicable in implementation of urban development policies including improvement of facilities such as schools, transport systems, and hospitals. Such responsibility would be domineering in ensuring government’s standard service to its citizens. Moreover, since the government has foremost responsibility of subduing migration and its effects, they should ensure maintenance and regeneration of urban facilities to meet citizens’ needs. Consequently, UK government have the foremost and legal responsibility of improving and ensuring subsequent maintenance of urban facilities. Kern, Soeren., March 7, 2014. Britain: Mass Immigration Leaves Towns and Cities Unrecognizable. Gatestone Institute. Web. April 27, 2015 Retrieved from http://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/4205/britain-immigration UK Government., 2011. Foresight: Migration and Global Environmental Change (2011): Migration and Global Environmental Change Future Challenges and Opportunities. Final Project Report. Web. April 27, 2015. Retrieved from

The Technological Advance of Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Technological Advance of Religion - Essay Example As people gain more technology they gain also a sense of independent conceit that there is no need to depend on God for provision, or to look to God for answers. The more people discover and learn about the things that surround them the more they take for granted they can control and be in charge of these things. Before the time science saved lives through medicine and people were instilled with a God complex because of such triumphs, there was a time when people had less answers, but more certainty; the type of assurance that came from the heart and not from experiments. The era of life lived with more emphasis placed on spiritual meditation than rational inquisition. Before Christianity came onto the scene, paganism was the primary religion which practiced an earth based worship of all aspects of nature. There was a god of rain, a god of sun, a god of harvest, and many other gods they prayed to for prosperity. Polytheistic religion is a religion that believes in multiple gods as pa gans did. This practice was the result of the human need to explain what could not readily be understood in the absence of science. Phenomena such as weather and fertility were attributed to these different gods and could explain the instability in nature. The separate deities needed to be persuaded to provide for humanity, or pacified into not harming them. Polytheistic religions, therefore, had many customs and rituals intended to accomplish this. Worship practices of all sorts were designed, literally, to manipulate pagan gods into making the world habitable, granting its people success. It was also necessary for everyone to follow those practices, since even just one person apparently snubbing their idol might cause that idol to become angry and lash out or fail to provide some needed gift to all humanity. As religion developed, science did too. Because of the exalted nature of religion, questions regarding its validity, especially in its earliest days of expansion were unwelcom e. As science advanced in its expeditions however, more questions regarding the validity of religion arose. One thing religion and science have in common is that neither has all the answers. In religion that is because faith is the platform it stands on. Science in their criticisms and arguments of religion continuously fails to appreciate this. Religion acknowledges a creator, science strives to recreate and comes up short at times in its endeavors to do so. Like Darwin when he proposed his theory of evolution to describe the origin of our species, how we came to exist! Evolution can be briefly summarized in five stages. 1) Variation- there is variation in every population. 2) Competition- organisms compete for limited resources. 3) Offspring- organisms produce more offspring than can survive. 4) Genetics- organisms pass on genetic traits to offspring. 5) Natural selection- Organisms with the most beneficial traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. In every population a mut ation in the gene pool will cause a mutation in the development of the species resulting in a change of the species itself overtime. Survival of the fittest is a Darwin doctrine stating that the strongest will outperform the weaker for available resources such as food and habitat subjecting the weaker of its species to death. The more offspring you have, the more success for your genes to be passed down and to thrive in the specific environment. The claim Darwin makes from evolution suggests humans share its ancestry with apes. The theory of evoluti

The Father She Needed Essay Example for Free

The Father She Needed Essay Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. When Stephanie sees a shot-put match take place that her newest stepfather takes her too, she immediately falls in love. She begins to strengthen herself so much that it begins to bother her mother Helen. She is completely against Stephanie’s sport and constantly puts her down. There are many instances in which Helen opposes Stephanie’s steadfastness toward shot-put. As a former Avon consultant, her mother’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. Helen sees beauty as more of an outer aspect rather than inner and this the first step toward extreme conflict with Stephanie. Secondly, Helen simply speaks her opinion on the matter by telling her husband, â€Å"I have to sit alone and watch my daughter, by beautiful Stephanie, do dynamic tension to her neck and arms. Every morning while she chews her toast I look to see if facial hair has started to grow† (Apple, 132). Throughout Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† her mother Helen is antagonizing Stephanie for pursuing a career in shot-put and it’s because of this that her relationship with her new stepfather blossoms. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. There are many instances in the story where her father openly supports her shot-putting. First of all, he ants to develop a real lasting relationship with Stephanie and Helen, and because he openly supports Stephanie, she begins to trust him and consider him a true father figure. One instance of this is that at the beginning of â€Å"Stepdaughters,† he gives her a poster of the band Genesis in hopes that â€Å"it would signify a beginning for the three of us† (Apple, 129). Secondly, he is so steadfast in supporting her dream that at the end of the story he explains â€Å"[Stephanie] has a lot to throw away, this stepdaughter of mine; in eight-pound chunks she might be able to manage it, maybe all the way to the Olympics† (Apple, 135). In the end he supports her and he always will. Despite the confrontation between Stephanie and her mother, he is always there to back her up as she pursues her dream. This was the perfect time when Stephanie needed a father figure; not just to provide for her, but to love, care, and support her in whatever she does. If Stephanie were to start up shot-put, when her mother was single, her dream might have been abruptly ended by her mother opposition to it. Stephanie’s new stepfather was the person to introduce to her a sport that she loves and become the father that she never had. In the sum of it all Stephanie is at a povital point in her life, and her mother may oppose her dream for a long time. But because her new father that she is just getting to know supports her, she may have it a little easier through her new few years than they would be without him. Stephanie tells her father near the end of the story, â€Å"You can pack up whatever you want. You don’t have to put up with us. You must know by now that this not is going to stop. I’m going to give it everything I’ve got for the next three years and you can bet that Mom’s going to fight me every inch. Life around this house is not going to be a picnic† (Apple, 134). Stephanie has seen so many stepfathers come and go that she’s basically saying that she wouldn’t be surprised if he left her too. As he has proved throughout the story, he not going anywhere. He is there to stay because he cares for her and he cares for her mom. She is working steadfastly toward a goal and her father will stand by her side every step of the way. Works Cited Apple, Max. â€Å"Stepdaughters. † The Norton Introduction to Literature. Alsion Booth and Kelly J. Mays. 10th ed. NY: WW Norton, 2010. 129-135. Print. Outline Thesis: In Max Apple’s â€Å"Stepdaughters,† Stephanie, despite constant criticism from her mother Helen, pushes herself to perfect her trade to the best of her ability with her stepfather. Over time, her relationship with her stepfather strengthens, which in turn gives her the encouragement that she wanted, and the true father figure that she desperately needed. Body Paragraph I. Stephanie’s begins to clash with her mother because Helen’s view of beauty greatly differs from Stephanie’s. When Stephanie, starting shot-put, her mother Helen became very critical and annoyed. Her relationship with her father helps her deal with this. A. Helen used to work as an Avon consultant and her view of beauty greatly differs from the narrator’s and Stephanie’s. (Page 132, Paragraph 60) B. Helen disapproves of Stephanie’s love of shot-put. (Page 132, Paragraph 59) C. Helen is also very critical about Stephanie’s choice. (Page 132, Paragraphs 76, 77) Body Paragraph II. Stephanie has never really developed a relationship with any of her previous fathers. She begins to develop a relationship with her new stepfather when he takes an interest in her life and introduces her to shot-put. A. Stephanie’s new father has a desire to make lasting relationships with her and her mother. (Page 129, Paragraphs 11-15) B. Stephanie is introduced to shot-put by her stepdad. (Page 130, Paragraph 15 C. Stephanie’s relationship with her stepdad begins to blossom when he takes a real interest in her life and her activities. The conflict with her mother helps to strengthen the bond between her and her stepdad, because he supports her, when her mother does not. (Page 134, Paragraph 89; Page 135, Paragraph 92) Conclusion

The Ethics of Gene Therapy Essay -- Genetics Science Papers

The Ethics of Gene Therapy Francis Crick was quoted as saying, "We used to think that our fate was in our stars. Now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes." Over 40 years ago, James Watson and Francis Crick discovered the structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). From this a new technique has evolved called gene therapy. Gene therapy was discovered in the 1980’s a few years after researchers were already able to isolate specific genes from DNA. These techniques matured from the massive surge of ideas generated during the Recombinant DNA (rDNA) era. Gene therapy is basically the repairing of genes to correct for diseases that result from a loss or change in our genetic material. It is hard to comprehend the total effects of gene therapy, because we do not know if it should really be used? Who does it really benefit? And ultimately people can easily contemplate how it affects him or herself and their family. Therefore, to understand gene therapy some technical aspects need to be discuss ed. Technical aspects DNA is present in the nucleus of cells and is the genetic information of all organisms. The information of a human genome could be thought of in terms as an "encyclopedia", the 23 chromosome pairs would be "chapters", each gene a "sentence", three letter words "codons", which are spelled by each letter a "molecular nucleotide"--adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T) (Elmer-Dewitt, 1994). A gene acts as a blueprint and if these were blueprints for a house and the measurements were off by a foot, it has a huge influence on its total structure. This is the same for our bodies, if a slight alteration in our genetic information occurs like a mutation this could lead to a disease. D... ...tad. 1991. Principles of genetics. 8th ed. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Gorman, C. 9 Oct 1995. Has gene therapy stalled? Time p. 62-63. Henderson, C.W. 5 May 1997. Researchers use gene therapy to protect human cell from HIV. AIDS Weekly Plus p. 16-17. Henderson, C.W. 5 May 1997. Hopkins researchers complete human gene therapy trial of kidney cancer vaccine. Cancer Weekly p. 29-30. Keenan, J.F. 20 Oct 1990. Human gene therapy: and ethical advance? America p. 262-263. Macer, D.R.J. Shaping genes: ethics, law and science of using new genetic technology in medicine and agriculture. Obtained from the WWW:http://www.biol.tsukuba.ac.jp/~macer/SG14.html Meiser, C. Medical ethics symposium on gene therapy. Obtained from the WWW:http://shsaa.org/Spectator/94n5/5gene.html Mulligan, R.C. 1993. The basic science of gene therapy. Science 260:926-932.

King Lear/Inferno

Paper Assignment #2 (Inferno / King Lear) Both Shakespeare’s King Lear and Dante’s Inferno explore the reasons for and results of human suffering. Both works postulate that human suffering comes as a result of choices that are made. That statement is not only applicable to the characters in each of the works, but also to the readers. The Inferno and King Lear speak universal truths about the human condition: that suffering is inevitable and unavoidable.While both King Lear and the Inferno concentrate on the admonitions and lamentations of human suffering, there is one key difference between the works: the Inferno has an aspect of hope that is not present in King Lear. The unavoidable aspect of human suffering is depicted brilliantly by Shakespeare in King Lear. Seemingly insignificant choices that King Lear makes throughout the play end up completely changing his life for the worse. Not only does Lear lose his kingdom, but he also loses his family and his home.His situa tion is only made worse by him not recognizing his fault in his own actions. Lear’s lack of responsibility when it comes to his own problems is best described by Kent: â€Å"It is the stars, the stars above us govern our conditions† (Shakespeare 101). Kent and Lear blame all of their suffering on the will of a higher being, neglecting that their own actions brought them to a place where they have to suffer. By not recognizing his responsibility in the events that are happening to him, Lear causes more strife for himself and those around him.He continues to make the same mistakes like falling victim to Regan and Goneril’s flattery and ignoring Cordelia’s wise words. In addition, Lear was constantly advised by the Fool and Kent not to make such poor choices. Lear’s own stubbornness prevented him from seeing the wisdom in the Fool’s words. Similarly, in the Inferno, Capaneus is a man whose punishment comes as a result of his own defiance. Capan eus was told that his fate would be to almost conquer a city, but fail. Capaneus fought against his fate and defied it, but he ended up in Hell all the same.Capaneus became his own punishment: â€Å"no torment other than your rage itself could punish your gnawing pride more perfectly† (Dante 198). Both Lear and Capaneus show excessive pride and stubbornness throughout their respective works, and fail to see their own faults. They were forewarned about their punishments, yet they continued down the path that would bring them the most suffering. Even though suffering is an inevitable part of living and there is no path in life that does not include some sort of suffering, these two men chose the ones that would bring them the most pain.The Inferno is a tale of cautionary advice. In each circle, Dante the pilgrim speaks to one of the shades that reside there and the readers learn how and why the damned have become the damned. As Dante learns from the mistakes of the damned, so d o the readers. And as Dante feels the impacts of human suffering, so do the readers. Virgil constantly encourages Dante the pilgrim to learn why the shades are in Hell and what were their transgressions while on Earth. This work’s purpose is to educate the reader.The work’s assertions on the nature of human suffering are mostly admonition, with each shade teaching Dante the pilgrim and by extension the reader not to make the same mistakes. Dante views his journey through hell as a learning experience and that is why he made it out alive. King Lear shows an extreme of human suffering. While there is some foreshadowing to the tragic end of the play and some reproof is given, the play mostly focuses on the lamentations of the characters. Edmund laments being born a â€Å"bastard† and the circumstances surrounding his birth.He believes that it is in his â€Å"nature† to be subversive, evil, and manipulative. Yet, unlike Lear, Edmund does not place the blame o f his unfortunate life on the stars: â€Å"I should have been that I am, had the maidenliest star in the firmament twinkled on my bastardizing† (Shakespeare 20). Edmund does, however, blame society for his actions, which is just as harmful as Lear blaming the stars. If anything, this play illustrates that as humans we are completely responsible for our actions and that our own suffering is a consequence of poor judgments.Both the Inferno and King Lear depict the horrific aspects of human suffering, but there is one key difference. There is a complete absence of hope in King Lear and it shows in the tragic ending of the play. Not only do most of the characters die, but also none of them achieve redemption or are able to achieve forgiveness for their actions (with the exception of Edmund). King Lear makes a discouraging statement about humanity and the extent of human suffering: that suffering is a perpetual aspect of human life and it cannot be overcome: â€Å"We that are you ng shall never see so much, nor live so long† (Shakespeare 142).This statement made by Edgar shows the hopelessness of the circumstances Edgar, Albany, and Kent have found themselves in at the end of King Lear. In the Inferno, Dante walks through Hell, literally, and comes out on the other side alive, something that no one else has been able to achieve. Dante the pilgrim and Dante the poet saw the worst of humanity and have been able to come out of the experience with hope: â€Å"I saw the lovely things the heavens hold, and we came out to see once more the stars† (Dante 383).This observation at the end of the Inferno by Dante shows that he still believes that there is good in the world and that human suffering is not all there is to life and death. Dante the poet also maintains the reader’s hope throughout the work by showing that Dante the pilgrim made it through hell: â€Å"But I remained†¦ to tell about without more evidence† (Dante 328). The Infe rno makes a powerful statement about humanity and human suffering by adding an aspect of hope to the work: even though human suffering is inevitable and unavoidable, there is hope and suffering can be overcome.Both the Inferno and King Lear have aspects of desperation, but the final tone of the works illustrates their differences. King Lear and the Inferno are both tales of human suffering that explore the depth and width of suffering. However, even though they both state that human suffering is inevitable and unavoidable, there is levity in the Inferno that is completely absent in King Lear. The final message of King Lear is the pervasiveness of human suffering and that one’s choices not only cause one’s own suffering, but can cause the suffering of others. King Lear ends on a note of eternal sadness.Inferno’s final message is a much more hopeful one: one can be touched by human suffering and one can experience human suffering, but that does not mean that all h ope is lost. In the Inferno, suffering is just one aspect of the human experience, not the only aspect, and it does not have to define one’s life. Overall these works tell us about the unpleasant, yet necessary, parts of the human experience that will affect everyone at some point in their lives, but it is how we handle human suffering that matters most. Works Cited Dante. Inferno. New York: Penguin, 2003. Print. Shakespeare, William. King Lear. New York: Penguin, 1999. Print.

Cslrm Computerized Cashiering System

INTRODUCTION : INTRODUCTION Deals in all the requirements needed for managing the library. Process of maintaining data about books, transactions such as issue and return. The user need not visit the library every time to find an item; instead, he/she can search items from his/her own PC/laptop Slide 3: Transaction taking place in the library Study Objective : Study Objective Changing the present library management system of Shoolini University to Online LiMS. To reach the objective of efficient learning and studying in the University. To keep online record of the transactions and utilize human resources in an efficient and matured way.System Study : System Study Present Library System : Present Library System The library is managed by the librarian accompanied with 4 to 5 members’ staff. Library cards to the students as well as the teacher. Issue of the book done by the staff member of the library through the library card. Record of the transactions of books is maintained in w ritten and kept with the librarian. Drawbacks of present system : Drawbacks of present system Provides the facility of books only during the working hours of the University. The record keeping can create problems while maintaining.Record of the receipt of the new books is kept in written which can create problem in handling it. Workload to the staff members and no use of human resources. Proposed SystEm(eLibrary) : Proposed SystEm(eLibrary) A person should be able to: login to the system through the first page of the application. see the status of the books/journals borrowed/reserved. search for a particular book/journal. cancel the reservation made earlier for a particular book/journal Automatic mails should be sent to the users about the expiry of due dates for the books/journals borrowed by them.Login of the member : Issue of the books : Return of the books : Advantages of the Online LiMS : Advantages of the Online LiMS A 24-hour library management. Students according to their ne eds get the books issued and in case they are unable to return the book, they can immediately extend the date of return. Maintenance of the books becomes easy for the staff. The transactions are maintained online. Students as well as teachers can search for any book, magazine, Journal, member etc. Overview of the system : Overview of the system Must be introduced with :Must be introduced with Logon Capabilities: The system shall provide the users with logon capabilities. Mobile Devices The Online Library System is also supported on mobile devices such as cell phones. Alerts The system can alert the Librarian or the administrator in case of any problems. METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED : METHODS AND TECHNOLOGIES USED Various methods used for making the project are: Microsoft Office Word : – For report making Microsoft Office PowerPoint : – For making the presentation Internet Explorer : – For gathering information Questionnaires I.For Teachers II. For Students The main aim of the project is the management of the database of the pharmaceutical shop. This is done by creating a database of the available medicines in the shop. The database is then connected to the main program by using interconnection of the Visual Basic program and the database already created. This program can be used in any pharmaceutical shops having a database to maintain. The software used can generate reports, as per the user's requirements. The software can print invoices, bills, receipts etc.It can also maintain the record of supplies sent in by the supplier CASHIERING AND STUDENT ACCOUNT SYSTEM Colegio de San Lorenzo Ruiz de Manila is currently using a manual way of recording, computing and storing the accounts of the students. The basic information of the student which includes the name, address course and year is written in the green form as well as the subjects that the students is going to enroll and the total assessment for the tuition fees. The cashier will copy t he name of the student, the course and year and the current school year and the total assessment and the initial payment to the index card.Before the student can take the examinations, the student needs to acquire examination permit from the cashier. To acquire examination permit, the student will have to pay his/her tuition fee every grading period. Paying the tuition fee is a burden both the students and the cashier due to the current manual system. The cashier will have to look the index card where the account of the student is written. Since it written in the index card, it takes lots of take to get the record of a particular student.Once the cashier found the index card, the cashier will write the payment received from the students to update the account. This is done using a calculator. Using manual computation sometimes causes an error. At the end of the day, the cashier will have to make a list and summary of the total collection of tuition fees. This is another difficult tas k to handle using manual system especially if there as lots of transactions that needs to be summarized. The summary of the collection will be submitted to the admin for verification.

The Crucible2 essays

The Crucible2 essays In The Crucible, a play about the Salem witch trials of 1692, by Arthur Miller, the character of Reverend Parris displays hypocrisy. Priest are generally considered good, honest people, but Parris lies to the community, he puts his ministry in front of his daughters life, and tries to help himself before helping the community. Even when Parriss daughter is sick and he is unsure what is wrong with her, he puts himself and his job before her. When he is trying to get Abigail to tell the truth he says I pray you feel the weight of truth upon you, for now my ministrys at stake, my ministry and perhaps your cousins life. (Act I.) In that quote, he throws in the part about Betty at the end like it has no importance compared to the fact that his ministrys at stake. Earlier he says to Abigail If you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Then he continues Abigail, do you understand that I have many enemies?(Act I.) Throughout Act One, Parris makes it obvious that the faction that is sworn to drive me from my pulpit is the only thing he can think of and is more important then anything else at that time. This is the opposite of what most people would expect from someone titled Reverend. Besides putting himself before his daughter, Parris also puts himself before the community. In Act One, he complains about his salary and the house. Proctor says that he is the first minister to demand the deed to this house. When Parris doesnt get his way he tries to make them feel guilty by saying things like the church will burn in Hell for not being obedient. In Act Four, after he had wanted the hangings, he makes up excuses not to hang them. He says if Mr. Hale gets any of them to confess then it surely damns...

Biography of Inventor Jacob Perkins

Biography of Inventor Jacob Perkins Jacob Perkins  was an American  inventor,  mechanical engineer, and  physicist. He was responsible for a variety of important inventions, and made significant developments in the field of anti-forgery currency. Jacob Perkins Early Years Perkins was born in Newburyport, Mass., on July 9, 1766, and died in London on July 30, 1849. He had a goldsmith  apprenticeship during his early years and soon made himself known with a variety of useful mechanical inventions. He  eventually had 21 American and 19 English  patents. He is known as the father of the refrigerator. Perkins  was elected a Fellow of the  American Academy of Arts and Sciences  in 1813.   Perkins Inventions In 1790, when Perkins was just 24, he developed machines for cutting and heading nails. Five years later, he earned a patent for his improved nail machines and started a nail manufacturing business in  Amesbury, Massachusetts. Perkins invented the bathometer (measures the depth of water)  and  the  pleometer  (measures the speed at which a vessel moves through the water). He also invented an early version of the refrigerator  (really an  ether  ice machine). Perkins  improved steam engines (radiator for use with hot water central heating - 1830) and made improvements to guns. Perkins also invented  a method of plating shoe-buckles. Perkins Engraving Technology Some of Perkins greatest developments involved engraving.  He started a printing business with an engraver named Gideon Fairman. They first engraved school books, and also made currency that was not being forged. In 1809, Perkins bought the stereotype technology (prevention of counterfeit bills) from Asa Spencer, and registered the patent, and then employed Spencer. Perkins made several important innovations in printing technology, including new steel engraving plates. Using these plates he made the first known steel engraved USA books. He then made currency for a Boston Bank, and later for the National Bank. In 1816 he set up a printing shop and bid on the printing of currency for the  Second National Bank  in Philadelphia. Perkins Work with Anti-ForgeryBank Currency His top-notch American bank currency received  attention from the  Royal Society  who were busy addressing the massive problem of forged  English bank notes. In 1819, Perkins and Fairman went to England to try to win the  £20,000 reward for notes that could not be forged. They pair showed sample notes to the  Royal Society  president Sir  Joseph Banks. They set up shop in England, and spent months on example currency, still on display today. Unfortunately for them, Banks thought that unforgeable also implied that the inventor should be English by birth. Printing English notes ultimately proved a success and was carried out by Perkins in partnership with the English engraver-publisher Charles Heath and his associate Fairman. Together they formed the partnership  Perkins, Fairman and Heath which was later renamed when his son-in-law, Joshua Butters Bacon, bought out Charles Heath and the company was then known as  Perkins, Bacon.  Perkins Bacon  provided banknotes for many banks and foreign countries with  postage stamps.  Stamp production started for the British government in 1840 with stamps that incorporated an anti-forgery measure. Perkins Other Projects Also concurrently, Jacobs brother ran the American printing business, and they made money on important fire safety patents. Charles Heath and Perkins worked together and independently on some concurrent projects.

Concept of Representation in Diplomacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Concept of Representation in Diplomacy - Essay Example In the past, literature in the field of diplomacy has defined representation in various ways, some of which are even conflicting when it comes to its role in international relations in contemporary and future society. However, the importance of diplomatic representation in diplomacy would depend on the meaning attributed to this concept. As a result, the relevance of diplomatic representation has become the centre of a major debate about the importance of diplomacy in a fast evolving world. It's hard for us to picture what ancient diplomacy was all about. However, the diplomacy in the Greek and Roman civilizations was intermittent and generated no permanent in situations.1 (Hamilton and Langhorne 995: 7) "In order to dispense with diplomacy, that is with the methods used by independent governments to work out their own relations with one another, mankind would either have to let independent governments exist without the diplomatic dialogue, or else dispense with independence and 'sovereign states' altogether. They would not be able to conclude peace settlements or treaties with their neighbours, for such settlements are the essence of diplomacy. Each would have to stand alone against a more powerful and aggressive neighbour. They would not be able to get into touch with one another, to band together or form leagues and alliances for mutual protection."2 (Watson 1991:22) THE EVOLUTION OF REPRESENTATION IN DIPLOMACY In the ancient days, representation was not so strong in diplomacy. Niccolo Machiavelli was a great ruler of his time. He is quite famous for his political theory. However, little is known about his reflections on diplomacy. Machiavelli emerged when diplomacy just began its transformation that saw the creation of resident embassies. (Berridge 2001:7-8) In order for us to assess the role of diplomacy in today's world, some scholars argue that residential bilateral diplomacy is gradually becoming irrelevant. However, other scholars continue to uphold this type of diplomacy. These debates have been initiated by the changes that are occurring in the international system. Some scholars believe that the practice of diplomacy needs to adjust in order to adapt to the new environment, meanwhile others feel that the traditional methods still the answer the question today. (Berridge 2001:136) In the past, debates over globalization and global governance claimed that the role of governments decline over the years. But that hasn't happened. We are now witnessing different trends that prove this argument wrong. There is still much government participation in the ways in which government agencies operate. The structures of contemporary diplomacy now operate in such a way that they do not only go out to articulate the international goals and policies of the state. Today's diplomatic structures also tend to represent components of the increasing network of global governance. The transformations in the structures of diplomacy strongly depict the ways in which governments are responding to the changes in the international system. (Manojlovic and Thorheim 2007:12) Changes in the practice of diplomacy began with the introduction of the principle of self-determination, and then later proceeded into the era of

Project management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 18

Project management - Essay Example I could not concentrate long enough to think of any contribution to make to the group and I even forgot the basic steps of the theory which we had been taught to act as a guide. My group members however came to my rescue and did all the work at this stage. I cannot up to date be able to explain how the process of strategizing took place exactly and even had to read about it later on in order to understand and be able to move onto the next step (Kendrick, 2010). The strategizing part was not over yet as we had to continue with additional planning which mostly dealt with marketing planning and strategizing on the different ways to campaign. This involved a lot of team work to brainstorm the perfect ideas for marketing campaign which would gain the maximum support and attract the target group was hoping to attract at that time. The fact I had a little previous knowledge in marketing was a huge contribution to the group and to this stage in our project (Levine, 2002). There had to be recruitment and training which was still our responsibility and this was really stressful to find over twenty members of staff who had the right qualification, right energy and determination to work in the project and who shared the same enthusiasm and willingness to spend long hours even without pay working for the success of the project. This process took longer than was expected or even accounted for in our timeline and hence affected the whole project despite the fact that we rushed some of the steps such as budgeting (Termini, 2009). The budgeting step was my area of specialty as I am good at approximation of costs and making mini budgets for personal reasons. I therefore was confident about assisting the team in this step and since we knew what we wanted and where we would get them from in terms of materials, the budgeting stage was smooth. This taught me that having prior

It is written in the word file that i have upload Essay

It is written in the word file that i have upload - Essay Example It was the notion of many individuals in the world in the early years, that in order to increase the production of honey from bees one just needed to create a conducive environment for many more beehives. In the current days, the process of bee keeping has become very complicated, a process, which entails several, processes (Perman, 2012). For better results of beekeeping, the practitioners should combine both the scientific and the technological and practical skills to their knowledge of beekeeping. Eventually, the word apiculture describes the scientific process of beekeeping as a very comprehensive and technological enterprise. Human beings made their first hives, which varied in sizes and their main intention was to increase the production of honey. After they had trapped enough bees that made enough honey in the hives, such hives collected five gallons of honey. The colonies of bees in the hives were first killed before the harvesting of honey and later removed all the honeycomb s from the hives. This way of collection of honey shows that the people’s main interest was honey and they did not think of the consequences they pose to the colonies of bees (Tietenberg, & Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2004). This method is unreliable since it endangers the survival of bees. Later on, in the nineteenth century, the beekeepers experimented making the beehives using wood. The beehives were made into wooden boxes and inside the boxes were plated which divided the boxes for easy addition and removal of boxes and in order to control the activities of the bees. This method proved to work because people could do the harvesting of honey without killing the colonies of bees thus promoting the process of beekeeping (Pearce, J, & R, 2011). There are different types of honeybees. They include the European Honey Bees and the African Honey Bees among others. The scientists believe that the African Honey Bees will dominate and especially when the regular honeybees interbreed with the Africanized honey bees, the Africanized honeybees dominate. This shows that there is a likelihood of the Africanized honeybees to dominate and migrate to Arizona and other parts of the world. Therefore, the individuals who want to indulge into beekeeping should permanently change their view on the Africanized honeybee. They should also learn the habits of bees so that they can be able to take precautions and to be able to support their efforts of beekeeping. Bees are very important insects that human beings greatly depend on them. In order for an individual to be able to understand the threat posed by the bees, they should start by understanding the behaviour of the honeybees. These insects are very essential to human beings and thus their destruction will affect several activities of a human being. The honey bees aid in pollination of many crops that human beings farm and consume as food thus it is a very essential agricultural component. In an y case, as long as the bee colony does not negatively affect animals and human beings, the bee colonies should prosper and grow wide (Pearce & Golen, 1984). The European honeybees differ greatly from Africanized honeybees. They may appear to look similar but they have very different behaviours. The Africanized honeybees have a tendency of swarming more frequently as compared to the European

The US border Security Essay Example for Free

The US border Security Essay Discussed in this essay is an outline of US borders and security related to them. The geographic and strategic value of the borders has been described in the beginning. Then the origin and purpose of United States Border Patrol has been discussed. Mentioned in the middle body are the steps or actions that USBP had taken so far in for safeguarding the borders along with the trouble they have endured in curbing issues such as illegal immigration, drug and human trafficking and screen immigrants for the signs of terrorism. Also discussed in length are human and drug trafficking that takes place across US border and how these things make their way into United States. The United States policy regarding border security is briefly discussed and the essay is closed with an analytical conclusion. US Border Security Since the beginning of civilization, borders have perhaps been the most valued asset nations consider themselves to have. Wars have been waged for the sake of their protection or expansion but they have been regarded sacredly none the less. As humanity progressed into the latter centuries, the concepts and its rigidity regarding the borders of a state kept on changing as the ancient world had open and unmanned borders. United States of America, since its creation has been guarding her borders with absolute zeal and dedication. Acquiring the half of the north American continent, United States is flanked by ocean on both its east and west side, whilst it shares its borders with Canada in the north and from Mexico in the south. Being one of the richest, most advanced and highly organized countries of the world, United States borders have been the object of fascination for its neighboring countries, specially Mexico being a third world country living right at the door step of US. Adhering to a strict and stern immigration and interior policy, people from all across the globe find it difficult to get entrance into the US without severe securitization. Offering the glorious prospects of freedom, financial security, safeguarding of rights and its ability to assimilate the diverse cultures of the world into its own, almost every person in the world has been enchanted by the prospect of living a life in the US, the Land of the Free. That is the reason its 8,000 miles long border have been violated enough times, specially from the south as immigrants from all across South American wishes to live a life of peace in the US. Along with the sea of illegal immigrants, US borders also face smugglers of both drugs and contraband items because of being one of the most lucrative markets in the world. Coupled with these troubles, US borders have been guarded highly as means of not permitting terrorist from making their way into US. The taste of 9/11 is something that US hasn’t quite forgotten yet. Thus, the border security of United States is not only one of the highest efficient and vigilant in the world, it is also one of the most sensitive one due to its immense size. Its importance can be summed up in the words of Ronald Regan as he said: The simple truth is that weve lost control of our own borders, and no Nation can do that and survive. We ignore Americas lost sovereignty at our own peril† (cited in www. usborderwatch. com) Overview The land border of US along with Canada spans 5,525 miles and is the longest non-militarized border in the world. There are 84 land POEs (Point Of Entry) along the northern border, which include but are not limited to three in Idaho,13 in Maine, three in Michigan, five in Minnesota, 10 in Montana, 12 in New York, 18 in North Dakota, seven in Vermont, and 12 in Washington. Around 250,000 people enter the United States from Canada. Canada is the single largest trading partner of the United States, with the total trade exceeding almost $372 billion in 2003. In fact, the largest trade link in the world is the Ambassador Bridge (connecting Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario) that has more than 7,000 trucks crossing daily transporting goods worth more than $120 billion per year. The southern land border with Mexico is 1,933 miles across and has 25 land POEs, six of which are in California, six in Arizona, two in New Mexico, and 11 in Texas. Over 800,000 people arrive from Mexico daily. Mexico is United States second largest trading partner, with the trade of $220. 3 billion in 2003, down from $247. 2 billion in 2000. The coast line of the United States is 12,479 miles long and there are 143 sea POEs. Some sea and river POEs are principally commercial ports while others receive passengers (Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and Issues, 2004). In order to be able to cope with such a vast border from which not trade merchandise has been able to pass but also torrent of immigrants, either legal or illegal along with the high possibility of drugs, liquor, contraband items and smuggled good, US Border Patrol was founded in 1924 which after 85 five years is among one of the finest law enforcement organizations in the world. United States Border Patrol (USBP) Founded in 1924, the U. S. Border Patrol was established in El Paso, Texas, and Detroit, Michigan. Its primary purpose was to curb the illegal entry of aliens, contraband, and the flow of forbidden liquor from Mexico and Canada into the United States. Under the authority of the Immigration Act, approved by Congress on May 28, 1924, the Border Patrol was created as a uniformed law enforcement branch of the Immigration Bureau (â€Å"85 Years Of Protected By†, 2009). Back in those days, smuggling of liquor from Canada and Mexico was an immensely lucrative business and invited illegal immigrants to have a go at their lucks in United States. Today, the USBP’s primary mission is to detect and prevent the entry of terrorists, weapons of mass destruction, and illegal aliens into the country, and to interdict drug smugglers and other criminals along the border. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 dissolved the Immigration and Naturalization Service and placed the USBP within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (Border security, the role of US border patrol, 2008). In the wake of 9/11, USBP’s funding and man power has been increased exponentially by the consent of Congress. Now having almost 18,000 agents in 20 sectors, and 164 stations all across the United States, its objectives and strategies also include the prevention of terrorists from entering the United States soil along with the detection and neutralization of weapons of mass destruction. Perhaps the toughest task USBP has to do is to curb the flow of illegal immigrants the swarms the borders of United States, especially the southern border. Due to the fact that over 97% of unauthorized migrant apprehensions occur along the southwest border, the USBP deploys over 90% of its agents there to deter illegal immigration. In 1993, a study commissioned by the Office of National Drug Control Policy pointed out to the fact that the southwest border was becoming the den of illegal immigrants noting as an example that 6,000 illegal immigrants attempted to enter the United States every night along a 7. 5 mile stretch of the San Diego border. The study also concluded that drug smuggling was a serious threat all along the southwest border, and recommended that the entries of the illegal immigrants should e prevented at the border rather than arresting them after entrance. This consequently led to USBP’s implementation of its first National Strategic Plan (NSP) in 1994. National Strategic Plan An endeavor to gain control over the overrun borders, NSP started out as a multiphase programs so as to maximize the USBP’s resources and their implementation on the areas of greatest entry of illegal immigrants and goods. The focus of the NSP was an operational strategy known as â€Å"Prevention Through Deterrence. † The strategy’s goal was to place USBP agents and resources directly on the border in order to prevent the entry of illegal aliens, rather than attempting to arrest aliens after they have already entered the country. Strategy’s phase I was called program â€Å"Hold the Line† at El Paso sector, which focused on the deployment of the agents deep into the borders in order to detect any alleged or attempted entries of border crossing rather than apprehending the culprits in the city streets and wasting precious time as it was relatively easy to catch border crossers in the wide open desert. The program wasn’t a complete success as it merely shifted the border crossing point from El Paso to somewhere else. San Diego’s Operation Gatekeeper followed after the El Paso program and many agents were deployed along the San Diego border. Aiding them was the state of the art ground sensors, infra-red cameras and stadium lights along with landing mats used as a border fence. Phase II of the program included the expansion of Operation Safeguard (1999) in Tucson, Arizona, operation Rio Grande (1997) in the McAllen and Laredo sectors of Texas, and an increased emphasis on securing the northern border. Phase III was set to involve the remaining areas of the southwest border as well as the coastal waters around Florida and Puerto Rico (Border security, the role of US border patrol, 2008). After the fateful events of 9/11, the USBP has modified its directives and prioritizing the prevention of terrorist penetration through the borders. As the investigations relating to 9/11 revealed that the terrorists had roamed freely across US with the status of illegal immigrant and prepared for the attacks from with in the US soil, USBP in collaboration with Immigration and Custom’s Enforcements, Anti Smuggling Units and CBP’s intelligence has directed all its attention towards the alien penetration across the US border. USBP revealed their new strategy to cope with the terror threats from entering US via illegal border crossing in March 2005. The five major points of that strategy are as follows. Establishing the substantial probability of apprehending terrorists and their weapons as they attempt to enter illegally between the ports of entry; Deterring illegal entries through improved enforcement; Detecting, apprehending, and deterring smugglers of humans, drugs, and other contraband; Leveraging â€Å"Smart Border† technology to multiply the deterrent and enforcement effect of Agents; Reducing crime in border communities, thereby improving the quality of life and economic vitality of those areas (Border security, the role of US border patrol, 2008). Striving hard to get the task done, the Homeland Security Department last year awarded one of the most ambitious technology contracts in the war on terror, a 10-year deal estimated at up to $10 billion to the global consulting firm Accenture. In return, the company would provide services to create a â€Å"virtual border that would electronically screen millions of foreign travelers. Termed as US-VISIT program, which stands for the United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology, started in July 2003. The US-VISIT system must eventually cover nearly 7,000 miles of borders along Mexico and Canada, including more than 300 land, air and sea ports that witness 450 million crossings a year (Higam OHarrow Jr. , 2005, p. A01). Human and Drug Trafficking across US borders Aside from the newly instilled fear of terrorism, United States faces the troublesome elements of smuggling of drugs and human trafficking and most of these gruesome things wade their way into America by means of illegal border crossing. Addressing the human trafficking element first, â€Å"The U. S. State Department’s 2005 Report on Human Trafficking estimates that between 600,000 to 800,000 people are trafficked across international borders every year and almost 20,000 are trafficked across U. S. borders alone† (â€Å"Combat Trafficking in Persons†, 2005). The horrible side of this gruesome business is that most of the trafficked persons are children. Extremely lucrative and seemingly unobtrusive, â€Å"human trafficking is considered to be the third-largest source of criminal income worldwide, generating an estimated $9. 5 billion per year. It is also closely linked with money laundering, document forgery, drug trafficking and international terrorism. † (Keefer, 2006, p. 5). According to John P. Torres, deputy assistant director for smuggling and public safety at the United States Bureau of Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) cross border human trafficking is a â€Å"significant risk to national security and public safety† (Seper, 2004). Drug trafficking is the problem that has plagued US since its very beginning. The very purpose of the establishment of USBP was to prohibit smuggled drugs from entering American territory but even after 85 years, the problem has not been fully curbed yet. It is the most lucrative organized crime operation in United States with its annual income estimated to be â€Å"as high as $110 billion† (â€Å"America’s Habit†, 1986). Cocaine being the most sought after drug, as its roots of origin are literally buried in South American countries, other popular drugs such as marijuana and heroin make its way into United States by means of either maritime vessels or through southern border. The numerous drug cartels active in United States gets their drugs en route Mexico regardless of the joint ventures both countries engaged in so as to hamper the drug trafficking. Mexico itself cultivates heroin and due to its lightly guarded 2,000 miles border with United States is the chief trafficker of heroin in USA. Drugs also are brought in underground through tunnels; some 100 have been discovered since 1990 along the 1,950-mile U. S. -Mexico border. The most sophisticated tunnels have lights, air systems and hydraulics (Feyerick et al, 2009). Regardless of extra tight security since 9/11 drug somehow is making its way into United States and hasn’t completely been stopped yet. Aside from human and drug trafficking, the USBP also has to look out for items of contraband nature such as weapons and pirated merchandise. With such a huge number of people passing through both north and south borders of United States, hunting down illegal immigrants, terrorists, drugs and pirated merchandise has become a daunting task for USBP. United States Border Security Policy Aware of its much sought after status, United States border security has always been very clear and its primary motive is to make sure the safety and its borders from the swarms of illegal immigrants and smuggled goods. The primary emphasis of the policy is about the status of immigrants who crosses both the borders of north and south to gain access into United States. Being in excellent terms with the government of Canada, the northern border of United States is subjected to less scrutinizing as compared to the southern one that’s in contact with Mexico. The residents of Mexico are issued a special Mexican Laser Visa that grants them access into US for as long as 6 months. Southern border, being constantly breached by illegal immigrants and smugglers is a highly watched territory where thousands of people pass every day thus making it extremely difficult for CBP and USBP to keep an eye out for anomalies. Keeping that in mind, granting Visa is not the only procedure to gain access into United States. Interviews are conducted, data is cross referenced and surveillance is mounted so that only the right person could be able to go through the gates of US. In the post 9/11 times, the security checks has been doubled and it has become the â€Å"primary mission of CBP is to prevent terrorists and terrorist weapons from entering the country. However, other components of CBP’s mission include interdicting other prohibited items such as illegal drugs, ammunition, firearms, and counterfeit goods; and monitoring trade compliance† (Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and Issues, 2004). Conclusion The border patrol strategy was aimed at strengthening of United States immigration laws and strove for decreasing the number of illegal immigrants coming into the United States by increasing controls at the its borders. Previously the resources were primarily directed at strengthening the border patrol along the southwest border, to curb the entrance of illegal immigrants and smuggled goods but the terrorist attacks, however, brought attention to the northern border, which has been understaffed and lacked the necessary technology to adequately screen individuals seeking entry into the United States. Several pieces of legislation passed in the 107th Congress authorized and appropriated funding for additional staffing and resources along the northern border. Regardless of its outstanding services and capabilities, USBP has not been able to completely tackle the problem of illegal immigrants and smuggled merchandise. Many reasons, such the sheer size of the borders, the number of immigrants passing through it every and the dogged determinacy of people willing to enter the Land of the Free etc may contribute to its incomplete success. But that still doesn’t change the fact that US borders are much more safe and vigilant in the presence of United Stated Border Patrol. Reference â€Å"85 years of protected by† retrieved May 24, 2009 from http://www. cbp. gov/xp/cgov/border_security/border_patrol/85th_anniversary. xml/. â€Å"Americas Habit†, Drug Abuse, Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime Presidents Commission on Organized Crime, 1986, retrieved May 24, 2009 from http://www. druglibrary. org/SCHAFFER/GOVPUBS/amhab/amhabc3. htm/. â€Å"Border Security: Inspections Practices, Policies, and Issues†. CRS Report for Congress, 2004. Order Code RL32399, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. â€Å"Border Security: The Role of the U. S. Border Patrol†. CRS Report for Congress, 2008. Order Code RL32562, Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress. Feyerick, Deborah; Cary, Michael Steffen, Sheila. â€Å"Drug smugglers becoming more creative, U. S. agents say† April 16, 2009, retrieved May 24, 2009 from http://edition. cnn. com/2009/CRIME/04/16/creative. drug. smugglers/index. html/. Keefer, Sandra L. , â€Å"Human Trafficking And The Impact On National Security For The United States† March 2006, U. S. Army War College Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania 17013, p. 5-8. OHarrow Jr. Robert Higham, Scott. â€Å"US Border Security At Cross Roads† Washington Post, Monday, May 23, 2005, p. A01. Regan, Ronald. Quotation. Retrieved May 24, 2009 from http://usborderwatch. com/. Seper, Jerry. â€Å"Human Smuggling a Security Risk. † Washington Times. 19 May 2004, retrieved May 24 2009 from http://www. washingtontimes. com/functions/print. php? StoryID=20040518-103934-8980/. Trafficking in Persons Report, U. S. Department of State, 2005, retrieved May 24, 2009, http://state. gov/g/tip/tiprpt/2005/46606. htm/.